Title:               Exchange Rate (market+estimated) for Kazakhstan
Series ID:           XRNCUSKZA618NRUG
Source:              University of Groningen, University of California, Davis
Release:             Penn World Table 10.01
Seasonal Adjustment: Not Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency:           Annual
Units:               National Currency Units per US Dollar
Date Range:          1990-01-01 to 2019-01-01
Last Updated:        2021-01-21 1:31 PM CST
Notes:               Source ID: xr
                     
                     When using these data in your research, please make the following
                     reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer
                     (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American
                     Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at
                     www.ggdc.net/pwt
                     
                     For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

DATE                       VALUE
1990-01-01  0.003226325499794786
1991-01-01  0.006286272519900111
1992-01-01  0.092060726305553790
1993-01-01  1.197074021899245000
1994-01-01 19.293641907354130000
1995-01-01 49.324606707256336000
1996-01-01 67.303333333333340000
1997-01-01 75.437500000000000000
1998-01-01 78.303333333333340000
1999-01-01 119.523333333333340000
2000-01-01 142.133333333333350000
2001-01-01 146.735833333333350000
2002-01-01 153.279166666666670000
2003-01-01 149.575833333333350000
2004-01-01 136.035000000000000000
2005-01-01 132.880000000000000000
2006-01-01 126.089430555555500000
2007-01-01 122.554166666666660000
2008-01-01 120.299166666666660000
2009-01-01 147.496666666667000000
2010-01-01 147.355000000000000000
2011-01-01 146.620833333333000000
2012-01-01 149.112500000000000000
2013-01-01 152.129166666667000000
2014-01-01 179.191666666667000000
2015-01-01 221.728333333333000000
2016-01-01 342.160000000000000000
2017-01-01 326.001022727273000000
2018-01-01 344.705833333333000000
2019-01-01 382.747310606061000000