Table 3.9.1. Percent Change From Preceding Period in Real Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment

Quarterly

		Percent Change from Preceding Period
Line	Name	Q2 2025	Q1 2025	Q2 2024
line 1	Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	-0.1	-1.0	3.3
line 2	Consumption expenditures	-1.0	-1.7	2.7
line 3	Gross investment	3.4	1.8	5.7
line 4	Structures	4.9	-2.0	3.5
line 5	Equipment	-5.1	8.9	14.6
line 6	Intellectual property products	6.5	3.4	4.4
line 7	Software	26.4	17.9	4.4
line 8	Research and development	-3.1	-3.6	4.4
line 9	Federal	-5.3	-5.6	4.3
line 10	Consumption expenditures	-6.6	-7.6	3.0
line 11	Gross investment	-0.7	1.0	8.5
line 12	Structures	40.4	-12.9	2.3
line 13	Equipment	-18.2	5.2	19.8
line 14	Intellectual property products	4.1	0.9	4.5
line 15	Software	26.9	15.4	4.0
line 16	Research and development	-3.8	-4.2	4.7
line 17	National defense	0.9	-6.9	6.9
line 18	Consumption expenditures	1.0	-10.0	5.2
line 19	Gross investment	0.4	5.6	13.6
line 20	Structures	79.1	-33.2	16.8
line 21	Equipment	-16.9	6.8	25.9
line 22	Intellectual property products	11.0	12.5	1.8
line 23	Software	26.8	17.2	4.3
line 24	Research and development	6.2	10.9	1.0
line 25	Nondefense	-13.0	-3.8	0.9
line 26	Consumption expenditures	-16.8	-3.9	-0.2
line 27	Gross investment	-1.9	-3.7	3.7
line 28	Structures	13.1	10.3	-8.6
line 29	Equipment	-24.1	-1.5	-2.6
line 30	Intellectual property products	0.0	-5.4	6.0
line 31	Software	26.9	14.5	3.9
line 32	Research and development	-10.1	-12.8	6.9
line 33	State and local	3.1	1.9	2.8
line 34	Consumption expenditures	2.3	1.8	2.6
line 35	Gross investment	6.6	2.3	3.7
line 36	Structures	2.5	-1.1	3.6
line 37	Equipment	28.7	17.1	3.7
line 38	Intellectual property products	15.9	13.4	4.2
line 39	Software	25.6	22.5	5.1
line 40	Research and development	2.3	0.8	2.8