Table 3.9.5. Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment

Quarterly

			Billions of Dollars
	Line	Name	Q2 2025	Q1 2025	Q2 2024
	line 1	Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	5,236.970	5,195.517	4,995.150
	line 2	Consumption expenditures	4,131.969	4,104.868	3,959.502
	line 3	Gross investment	1,105.001	1,090.648	1,035.648
	line 4	Structures	529.404	519.041	492.644
	line 5	Equipment	206.296	207.012	190.093
	line 6	Intellectual property products	369.301	364.595	352.911
	line 7	Software	132.036	128.226	120.945
	line 8	Research and development	237.265	236.370	231.966
	line 9	Federal	1,956.417	1,949.728	1,867.530
	line 10	Consumption expenditures	1,487.634	1,481.872	1,422.419
	line 11	Gross investment	468.784	467.856	445.111
	line 12	Structures	41.045	37.432	35.295
	line 13	Equipment	137.688	143.230	130.153
	line 14	Intellectual property products	290.051	287.194	279.662
	line 15	Software	83.989	81.376	77.240
	line 16	Research and development	206.062	205.818	202.422
	line 17	National defense	1,135.765	1,116.611	1,064.344
	line 18	Consumption expenditures	890.833	873.503	841.432
	line 19	Gross investment	244.932	243.108	222.912
	line 20	Structures	19.933	17.031	16.522
	line 21	Equipment	112.834	116.920	105.461
	line 22	Intellectual property products	112.165	109.157	100.929
	line 23	Software	27.958	27.131	25.578
	line 24	Research and development	84.207	82.026	75.351
	line 25	Nondefense	820.652	833.117	803.186
	line 26	Consumption expenditures	596.800	608.369	580.987
	line 27	Gross investment	223.851	224.748	222.199
	line 28	Structures	21.112	20.401	18.774
	line 29	Equipment	24.854	26.310	24.692
	line 30	Intellectual property products	177.886	178.037	178.733
	line 31	Software	56.031	54.245	51.662
	line 32	Research and development	121.855	123.792	127.071
	line 33	State and local	3,280.552	3,245.789	3,127.620
	line 34	Consumption expenditures	2,644.335	2,622.996	2,537.083
	line 35	Gross investment	636.217	622.793	590.537
	line 36	Structures	488.359	481.609	457.349
	line 37	Equipment	68.608	63.782	59.940
	line 38	Intellectual property products	79.250	77.402	73.249
	line 39	Software	48.047	46.850	43.705
	line 40	Research and development	31.203	30.552	29.544