Table 3.9.6. Real Government Consumption Expenditures and Gross Investment, Chained Dollars

Quarterly

			Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars
	Line	Name	Q2 2025	Q1 2025	Q2 2024
	line 1	Government consumption expenditures and gross investment	3,992.974	3,993.923	3,919.170
	line 2	Consumption expenditures	3,128.417	3,136.345	3,090.063
	line 3	Gross investment	865.460	858.250	829.450
	line 4	Structures	361.510	357.203	345.534
	line 5	Equipment	173.725	176.035	163.990
	line 6	Intellectual property products	332.424	327.221	322.249
	line 7	Software	146.488	138.144	130.392
	line 8	Research and development	193.006	194.514	195.955
	line 9	Federal	1,516.604	1,537.219	1,511.466
	line 10	Consumption expenditures	1,118.670	1,138.078	1,123.952
	line 11	Gross investment	400.259	400.970	388.773
	line 12	Structures	28.226	25.929	24.929
	line 13	Equipment	114.812	120.734	111.633
	line 14	Intellectual property products	256.546	253.977	252.220
	line 15	Software	94.726	89.248	84.690
	line 16	Research and development	167.134	168.782	170.617
	line 17	National defense	874.211	872.329	850.855
	line 18	Consumption expenditures	668.560	666.931	658.209
	line 19	Gross investment	207.214	206.982	193.344
	line 20	Structures	13.671	11.817	11.746
	line 21	Equipment	95.778	100.303	91.832
	line 22	Intellectual property products	97.073	94.571	89.361
	line 23	Software	31.283	29.479	27.815
	line 24	Research and development	67.341	66.333	62.706
	line 25	Nondefense	641.999	664.749	660.675
	line 26	Consumption expenditures	449.933	471.091	465.720
	line 27	Gross investment	192.924	193.876	195.413
	line 28	Structures	14.566	14.123	13.196
	line 29	Equipment	19.273	20.646	19.932
	line 30	Intellectual property products	159.318	159.304	162.899
	line 31	Software	63.439	59.766	56.875
	line 32	Research and development	99.676	102.369	107.923
	line 33	State and local	2,475.300	2,456.304	2,407.341
	line 34	Consumption expenditures	2,008.700	1,997.198	1,965.001
	line 35	Gross investment	464.706	457.372	440.943
	line 36	Structures	333.327	331.303	320.628
	line 37	Equipment	58.674	55.085	52.226
	line 38	Intellectual property products	76.447	73.683	70.323
	line 39	Software	51.743	48.875	45.704
	line 40	Research and development	25.927	25.778	25.373
	line 41	Residual	-8.918	-7.173	-5.717