Release Tables
Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index
The Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index (NEI) is an alternative to the standard unemployment rate that includes all non-employed individuals and accounts for persistent differences in their labor market attachment. It provides a more comprehensive reading of labor market health and is based on research first published by Richmond Fed economists Andreas Hornstein and Marianna Kudlyak, and McGill University economist Fabian Lange.