Federal Reserve Economic Data

Release Tables

Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index


The Hornstein-Kudlyak-Lange Non-Employment Index (NEI) is an alternative to the standard unemployment rate that includes all non-employed individuals and accounts for persistent differences in their labor market attachment. It provides a more comprehensive reading of labor market health and is based on research first published by Richmond Fed economists Andreas Hornstein and Marianna Kudlyak, and McGill University economist Fabian Lange.


   

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    Jan 1994    
 
 
    May 2025
Percent
Name May 2025 Apr 2025 May 2024
Non-Employment Index
7.81097 7.75849 7.60410
Non-Employment Index including People Working Part-Time for Economic Reasons
8.66132 8.62845 8.42581
   

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