Annual

F.4 Saving and Investment by Sector


The Financial Accounts (formerly known as the Flow of Funds accounts) are a set of financial accounts used to track the sources and uses of funds by sector. They are a component of a system of macroeconomic accounts including the National Income and Product accounts (NIPA) and balance of payments accounts, all of which serve as a comprehensive set of information on the economy’s performance.(1) Some important inferences that can be drawn from the Financial accounts are the financial strength of a given sector, new economic trends, changes in the composition of wealth, and development of new financial instruments over time.(1)
Sectors are compiled into three categories: households, nonfinancial businesses, and banks. The sources of funds for a sector are its internal funds (savings from income after consumption) and external funds (loans from banks and other financial intermediaries). (1) Funds for a given sector are used for its investments in physical and financial assets. Dividing sources and uses of funds into two categories helps the staff of the Federal Reserve System pay particular attention to external sources of funds and financial uses of funds.(2) One example is whether households are borrowing more from banks—or in other words, whether household debt is rising. Another example might be whether banks are using more of their funds to provide loans to consumers. Transactions within a sector are not shown in the accounts; however, transactions between sectors are.(2) Monitoring the external flows of funds provides insights into a sector’s health and the performance of the economy as a whole.
Data for the Financial accounts are compiled from a large number of reports and publications, including regulatory reports such as those submitted by banks, tax filings, and surveys conducted by the Federal Reserve System.(2) The Financial accounts are published quarterly as a set of tables in the Federal Reserve’s Z.1 statistical release.
(1) Teplin, Albert M. “The U.S. Flow of Funds Accounts and Their Uses.” Federal Reserve Bulletin, July 2001; http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2001/0701lead.pdf.
(2) Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. “Guide to the Flow of Funds Accounts.” 2000, http://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/fof/.

For questions on the data, please contact the data source: https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/z1/%
For questions on FRED functionality, please contact: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/


   

Please select a date range

    1946    
 
 
    2025
Millions of U.S. Dollars
Line Name 2025 Preceding
Period
Year Ago
from Period
line 1
Gross saving
5,166,102 4,832,476 4,832,476
line 2
Net saving
100,259 35,776 35,776
line 3
Net private saving
2,139,194 2,088,945 2,088,945
line 4
Domestic business
1,077,723 895,713 895,713
line 5
Nonfinancial corporate business
692,373 651,303 651,303
line 6
Financial business
385,350 244,410 244,410
line 7
Households and institutions
1,061,471 1,193,232 1,193,232
line 8
Net government saving
-2,038,935 -2,053,169 -2,053,169
line 9
Federal
-1,821,896 -1,874,456 -1,874,456
line 10
State and local
-217,039 -178,713 -178,713
line 11
Consumption of fixed capital
5,065,843 4,796,700 4,796,700
line 12
Private
4,216,515 3,992,908 3,992,908
line 13
Domestic business
3,302,584 3,114,619 3,114,619
line 14
Nonfinancial corporate business
2,414,351 2,274,356 2,274,356
line 15
Nonfinancial noncorporate business
519,084 495,442 495,442
line 16
Financial business
369,148 344,821 344,821
line 17
Households and institutions
913,931 878,289 878,289
line 18
Government
849,329 803,792 803,792
line 19
Federal
417,660 393,355 393,355
line 20
State and local
431,669 410,437 410,437
line 21
Gross domestic investment, capital account transactions, and net lending, NIPAs
5,401,549 5,128,771 5,128,771
line 22
Gross domestic investment
6,571,997 6,308,623 6,308,623
line 23
Gross private domestic investment
5,462,714 5,259,319 5,259,319
line 24
Domestic business
4,150,719 3,982,038 3,982,038
line 25
Nonfinancial corporate business
3,070,687 2,959,275 2,959,275
line 26
Nonfinancial noncorporate business
636,931 628,763 628,763
line 27
Financial business
443,101 394,000 394,000
line 28
Households and institutions
1,311,995 1,277,281 1,277,281
line 29
Gross government investment
1,109,283 1,049,304 1,049,304
line 30
Federal
470,949 450,925 450,925
line 31
State and local
638,334 598,379 598,379
line 32
Capital account transactions (net)
-374 -2,720 -2,720
line 33
Private
-4,358 -70,405 -70,405
line 34
Domestic business
19,473 -4,075 -4,075
line 35
Nonfinancial corporate business
-1,169 -19,970 -19,970
line 36
Nonfinancial noncorporate business
-8,050 -8,898 -8,898
line 37
Financial business
28,692 24,792 24,792
line 38
Households and institutions
-23,831 -66,330 -66,330
line 39
Government
3,644 67,686 67,686
line 40
Federal
104,225 174,196 174,196
line 41
State and local
-100,581 -106,511 -106,511
line 42
Net lending (+) or net borrowing (-), NIPAs
-1,170,074 -1,177,132 -1,177,132
line 43
Private
1,132,460 1,189,234 1,189,234
line 44
Domestic business
445,222 328,664 328,664
line 45
Nonfinancial corporate business
272,312 282,649 282,649
line 46
Nonfinancial noncorporate business
-109,798 -124,424 -124,424
line 47
Financial business
282,707 170,438 170,438
line 48
Households and institutions
687,238 860,570 860,570
line 49
Government
-2,302,533 -2,366,366 -2,366,366
line 50
Federal
-1,979,410 -2,106,222 -2,106,222
line 51
State and local
-323,124 -260,144 -260,144
line 52
Statistical discrepancy (line 21 less line 1)
235,447 296,296 296,296
Addenda:
line 53
Disaster losses
11,000 32,000 32,000
line 54
Private
0 27,000 27,000
line 55
Domestic business
0 13,850 13,850
line 56
Households and institutions
0 13,151 13,151
line 57
Government
11,000 5,000 5,000
line 58
Federal
0 0 0
line 59
State and local
11,000 5,000 5,000
   

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