Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Averages of daily figures. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of a broad group of major U.S. trading partners. Broad currency index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, Mexico, China, United Kingdom, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Switzerland, Thailand, Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Sweden, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia. For more information about trade-weighted indexes, please refer to the Board of Governors (http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf).
A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of the broad index currencies that circulate widely outside the country of issue. Major currencies index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia, and Sweden. For more information about trade-weighted indexes visit the Board of Governors (http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf).
Averages of daily figures. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of the broad index currencies that circulate widely outside the country of issue. Major currency index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia, and Sweden. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf.
AMERIBOR® (American Interbank Offered Rate) is a benchmark interest rate based on overnight unsecured loans transacted on the American Financial Exchange (AFX). AMERIBOR® is calculated as the transaction volume weighted average interest rate of the daily transactions in the AMERIBOR® overnight unsecured loan market on the AFX. AMERIBOR® Term-30 Index is a forward-looking interest rate designed to capture wholesale funding costs for American financial institutions over a thirty-day period at a specific moment in time. This index is calculated using AMERIBOR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AMERIBOR) as well as a broad dataset of real-world primary issuances of wholesale commercial deposits and commercial paper of U.S.-domiciled financial institutions of every size. More details about AMERIBOR® methodology can be found on the source's website (https://ameribor.net/), under the Resources section. AMERIBOR® is a registered trademark of the American Financial Exchange (AFX). © Copyright, American Financial Exchange (AFX). All Rights Reserved.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of a broad group of major U.S. trading partners. Broad currency index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, Mexico, China, United Kingdom, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Switzerland, Thailand, Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Sweden, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf.
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Averages of daily figures. Series is price adjusted. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against the currencies of a broad group of major U.S. trading partners. Broad currency index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, Mexico, China, United Kingdom, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Switzerland, Thailand, Philippines, Australia, Indonesia, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Sweden, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see the Board of Governors methodology (https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/revisions-to-the-federal-reserve-dollar-indexes-20190115.htm).
Calendar year average. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
AMERIBOR® (American Interbank Offered Rate) is a benchmark interest rate based on overnight unsecured loans transacted on the American Financial Exchange (AFX). AMERIBOR® is calculated as the transaction volume weighted average interest rate of the daily transactions in the AMERIBOR® overnight unsecured loan market on the AFX. AMERIBOR® Term-90 Index is a forward-looking interest rate designed to capture wholesale funding costs for American financial institutions over a ninety-day period at a specific moment in time. This index is calculated using a broad dataset of real-world primary issuances of wholesale commercial deposits and commercial paper of U.S.-domiciled financial institutions of every size. More details about AMERIBOR® methodology can be found on the source's website (https://ameribor.net/), under the Resources section. AMERIBOR® is a registered trademark of the American Financial Exchange (AFX). © Copyright, American Financial Exchange (AFX). All Rights Reserved.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1871-1938 (2)--Original Data, 1926-1969. The Index For 1926-February 1957 Is Based On Daily Quotations For Ninety Stocks; The Index For March 1957-1969 Is Based On Daily Quotations For Five Hundred Stocks. Source: Standard And Poor'S, Data For 1926-1963: Trade And Security Statistics: Security Price Index Record, 1964 Edition. Data For 1964-1969: Current Statistics, Monthly Issues. This NBER data series m13046b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13046b
Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).
Averages of daily figures. Series is price adjusted. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of the broad index currencies that circulate widely outside the country of issue. Major currencies index includes the Euro Area, Canada, Japan, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Australia, and Sweden. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see the Board of Governors methodology (https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/revisions-to-the-federal-reserve-dollar-indexes-20190115.htm).
OECD Descriptor ID: CCRETT01 OECD unit ID: IDX OECD country ID: CHN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Averages of daily figures. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of the broad index currencies that do not circulate widely outside the country of issue. Countries whose currencies are included in the other important trading partners index are Mexico, China, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf.
OECD Descriptor ID: CCRETT01 OECD unit ID: IDX OECD country ID: JPN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
OECD Descriptor ID: CCRETT01 OECD unit ID: IDX OECD country ID: AUS All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission
OECD Descriptor ID: CCRETT01 OECD unit ID: IDX OECD country ID: RUS All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).
OECD Descriptor ID: CCRETT01 OECD unit ID: IDX OECD country ID: IDN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission
Calendar year average. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).
Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).
A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of the broad index currencies that do not circulate widely outside the country of issue. Countries whose currencies are included in the other important trading partners index are Mexico, China, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/winter05_index.pdf.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Nominal effective exchange rates are calculated as geometric weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
Averages of daily figures. Series is price adjusted. A weighted average of the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar against a subset of the broad index currencies that do not circulate widely outside the country of issue. Countries whose currencies are included in the other important trading partners index are Mexico, China, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Brazil, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia, India, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Argentina, Venezuela, Chile and Colombia. For more information about trade-weighted indexes see the Board of Governors methodology (https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/revisions-to-the-federal-reserve-dollar-indexes-20190115.htm).
Real effective exchange rates are calculated as weighted averages of bilateral exchange rates adjusted by relative consumer prices. Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.
OECD Descriptor ID: CCRETT01 OECD unit ID: IDX OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission
OECD Descriptor ID: CCRETT01 OECD unit ID: IDX OECD country ID: USA All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission
Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).
Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).