Approximate percent difference from trend. The HP filter was applied to the natural logarithm of GDP and the cyclical component was then multiplied by 100. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
Break-adjusted measure intended for users who need a series without classification or geographical breaks for use in appropriate econometric work where, for example, the series will be log-differenced or log-linearised around a trend. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Provided that the underlying sources of the data are acknowledged and cited appropriately users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it is based on Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
Break-adjusted measure intended for users who need a series without classification or geographical breaks for use in appropriate econometric work where, for example, the series will be log-differenced or log-linearised around a trend. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Provided that the underlying sources of the data are acknowledged and cited appropriately users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it is based on Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Provided that the underlying sources of the data are acknowledged and cited appropriately users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it is based on Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.
BEA Account Code: DCRCRA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: DCMCRA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: DCLTRA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: DCAFRA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: C311RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: C309RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B952RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B946RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B936RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B894RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B887RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B870RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B843RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B831RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B818RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B814RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B758RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B668RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B667RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B571RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B570RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B499RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B366RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B316RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B314RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B295RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B286RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B283RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B282RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B281RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B279RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B273RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B272RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B271RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B270RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B269RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B268RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B263RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B188RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1302A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1301A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1300A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1028A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1027A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1012A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1008A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1006A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: B1005A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: A886RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: A883RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: A882RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.
BEA Account Code: A754RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.