View the ratio of federal debt to the economic output of the U.S., which can indicate economic health and the sustainability of government borrowing.

Federal Debt Held by the Public as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYGFGDQ188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYGFGDQ188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Debt Held by the Public (FYGFDPUN) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYGFDPUN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP): FYGFGDQ188S = ((FYGFDPUN/1000)/GDP)*100 FYGFDPUN/1000 transforms FYGFDPUN from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.

Gross Federal Debt Held by the Public as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYPUGDA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYPUGDA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in January 2013. It is calculated using Gross Federal Debt (FYGFDPUB) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYGFDPUB) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): FYPUGDA188S = (FYGFDPUB/GDPA)*100

BEA Account Code: DAITRC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

This measure uses a break-adjusted measure of nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.04

Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.04

Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.04

Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.04

BEA Account Code: DAITRG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Calendar year average. This measure uses break-adjusted nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Table 12D (international debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. GDP is from World Development Indicators. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.06

Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.04

Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.04

Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Table 12D (international debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. GDP is from World Development Indicators. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.06

BEA Account Code: G17056 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1598C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: G16002 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: G16044 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Calendar year average. This measure uses break-adjusted nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Table 12D (international debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. GDP is from World Development Indicators. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.06

Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Table 12D (international debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. GDP is from World Development Indicators. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.06

Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.04

Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Total amount of domestic public debt securities (amounts outstanding) issued in domestic markets as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes, treasury bills, commercial paper and other short-term notes. Table 16A (domestic debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.04

BEA Account Code: DAITRA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

This series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. It was a duplicate of the following series, which will continue to be updated: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/S251101A027NBEA BEA Account Code: S251100 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

This series has been discontinued and will no longer be updated. It was a duplicate of the following series, which will continue to be updated: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/S251201A027NBEA BEA Account Code: S251200 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: J4715C0 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: J4813C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: J4913C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: J737RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: J737RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A3336C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A3136C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A3145C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A1596C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1169C1 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A1709C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A1755C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A1806C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B3448C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B3479C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B3079C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B3146C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B3147C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B3148C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4493C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4494C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4510C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4649C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4693C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4694C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4712C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4715C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4810C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4813C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4910C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4913C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4935C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B4938C0 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.