This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Calendar year average. Uses building costs as a rough proxy prior to 1895. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

The Current Dollar Estimates Were Derived By Multiplying Goldsmith'S Construction Estimates By The Ratio Of Expenditures For Alterations And Additions To Expenditures For New Residential Contruction. This Ratio Is Extrapolated Back From 1920-30 (Estimated At 10 Per Cent On The Basis Of Department Of Commerce Estimates) By An Index Of The Movement Of The Ratio In Long'S Estimates. See Clarence D. Long, Jr.,"Building Cycles And The Theory Of Investment," (Princeton University Press, 1940). See Also Introductory Notes On Long'S Indexes. Source: Raymond W. Goldsmith, "A Study Of Saving In The United States, " Vol. I, Princeton, 1955, Table R-4, P. 587; R-5, P. 588; And R-31, P. 623. This NBER data series a02271 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02271

For Further Information On This Series Consult The Source. Source: Raymond W. Goldsmith, "A Study Of Saving In The United States, " Tables R-27 And R-28, Pp. 618-200. This NBER data series a02219a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02219a

Source: Report Of Commissioner, Metropolitan Police Office, Letter From Geoffrey Cawther Of London"Economist" This NBER data series a02073 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02073

For Additional Information See The Source Source: Inland Revenue Dept., Gt. Britain, "Reports Of The Commissioners Of Inland Revenue;" Also Shown In H. Barnes, "Housing", And "Royal Statistical Society Journal, " March 1918 This NBER data series a02074 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02074

For Additional Information Consult The Source Works Cited Above. Source: Inland Revenue Dept., Gt. Britain, "Reports Of The Commissioners Of Inland Revenue"; Also Shown In H. Barnes, "Housing" This NBER data series a02075 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02075

Data Given As Of April 5, 1975. Computed By NBER: Adding Number Of Houses With 20 Pounds Sterling Annual Value And Over Plus Those Houses Under 20 Pounds Sterling Annual Value Source: Inland Revenue Dept., Gt. Britain, "Reports Of The Commissioners Of Inland Revenue;" Also Shown In H. Barnes, "Housing", And "Royal Statistical Society Journal, " March 1918 This NBER data series a02136 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02136

The Series Is Presented Here As 4 Variables: (1) Original Data, Blank-Bls, 1889-1945; (2) Original Data, Census, 1945-63. This Series, Taken From Three Sources, Provides Data On Private Nonfarm Housing Starts. For Definitions And Further Notes, See Introductory Documentation On Blank-Bls-Bureau Of The Census Data. Source: 1889-1919: David M. Blank, "The Volume Of Residential Construction, " 1889-1950, New York, NBER, Technical Paper 9, 1954. 1920- 1938: "Nonfarm Housing Starts 1889-1958, " Bls Bulletin 1260, 1959. 1939-1945: "Construction During Five Decades Historical Statistics, 1907-52, " Bls Bulletin 1146, 1954. This NBER data series a02161a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02161a

This Series Was Derived By Applying A Building Cost Index To The Current Dollar. For Further Information See Source. Source: Raymond W. Goldsmith, "A Study Of Saving In The United States, " Vol. I, Princeton, 1955, Tables R-4, P. 587; R-5, P. 588; And R-31, P. 623. This NBER data series a02272 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02272

Series Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Original Data, Blank-Bls, 1900-59; (2) Original Data, Census, 1959-63. For Informaton On Content And Estimation Procedures, See Introductory Notes On Blank-Bls-Census Housing Start Data. Source: 1900-1919: Bls, "Volume Of Residential Con- Struction." 1920-1939:"Nonfarm Housing Starts 1889-1958, " Bls Bulletin 1260, 1959. 1940- 1959: "Housing Statistics, Historical Supplement, June 1960, " Housing And Home Finance Agency. This NBER data series a02201a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02201a

Series Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Original Data, Blank-Bls, 1900-59; (2) Original Data, Census, 1959-63. For Informaton On Content And Estimation Procedures, See Introductory Notes On Blank-Bls-Census Housing Start Data. Source: 1900-1919: Bls, "Volume Of Residential Constructon." 1920-1939:"Nonfarm Housing Starts 1889-1958, " Bls Bulletin 1260, 1959. 1940- 1959: "Housing Statistics, Historical Supplement, June 1960, " Housing And Home Finance Agency. This NBER data series a02202a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02202a

For Definitions And Estimation Procedures See Introductory Notes On Blank-Bls-Census Data. Series 02203 Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Original Data, Blank-Bls, 1900-59; (2) Original Data, Census, 1959-63. Source: 1900-1919: Bls, "Volume Of Residential Con- Struction." 1920-1939: "Nonfarm Housing Starts 1889-1958, " Bls Bulletin 1260., 1959. 1940- 1959: "Housing And Home Finance Agency. This NBER data series a02203a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02203a

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1911-1919 (2)--Original Data, 1919-1944 (3)--Original Data, 1945-1957 (4)--Original Data, 1956-1959. The Two Mail Order Houses Are Sears, Roebuck And Company And Montgomery Ward And Company. Source: Commercial And Financial Chronicle This NBER data series m06003aa appears on the NBER website in Chapter 6 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter06.html. NBER Indicator: m06003aa

Original Data For 1913-1952 Was On A 1947-49=100 Base But Was Converted To A 1957-59=100 Base By A Conversion Factor Of .8605852. Source: 1913-1952: Bls Undated Mimeographed Table, "Consumer Price Index For Urban Wage Earners And Clerical Workers, U.S. City Average: Food Series B" (See Notes Below); 1953-1963: Bls Mimeographed Release, "Consumer Price Index -- Food At Home, 1953 Forward, Series B-1"; 1964-1968: Bls Monthly Publication, "The Consumer Price Index" (Or "Monthly Labor Review") This NBER data series m04071 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04071

Series Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Original Data, 1915-46; (2) Original Data, 1946-63. Census Revisions Cause The 1946 Break In Comparability. This Series Covers New Nonfarm Houses And Apartments, At All Levels Of Value And Quality, Which Are Housekeeping Dwellings. It Includes Those Built For Permanent Or Seasonal Occupancy. Excluded Are Mobile Homes, New Units Created By Remodeling Or Conversion Of Existing Structures, And Dwelling Units In Buildings Which Are Primarily Nonresidential. For Definitions And Derivaton Of Estimates, See Introductory Notes On Bls-Dept. Of Commerce Data And Lipsey And Preston, P. 260. Source: Business And Defense Services Administration, Bureau Of Labor Statistics, And Bureau Of The Census (See Introductory Notes On Bls-Dept. Of Commerce Data) This NBER data series a02181a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02181a

Source: U.S. Bureau Of The Census, Record Book Of Business Statistics; Survey Of Current Business This NBER data series m06030 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 6 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter06.html. NBER Indicator: m06030

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Record Book Of Business Statistics, Part Ii, P. 37; Survey Of Current Business, 1932 Annual Supplement, P. 206 This NBER data series m06031 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 6 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter06.html. NBER Indicator: m06031

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Record Book Of Business Statistics, Part Ii, P. 38; Survey Of Current Business, 1932 Annual Supplement, Pp. 208-209 This NBER data series m06032 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 6 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter06.html. NBER Indicator: m06032

Data Checked With Bureau Of Census Press Release On "Enameled Sanitary Ware", February 1932 Source: See V129 This NBER data series m02126 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02126

This NBER data series m02127 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02127

This NBER data series m02128 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02128

Source: 1917-26: U.S. Bureau Of The Census, "Record Book Of Business Statistics", Part Ii, Metals And Machinery (Bath Tubs, P.36, Lavoratories P. 37, Kitchen Sinks, P. 38, Misc. Enameled Ware, P. 39); 1923-31: 1932"Annual Supplement" Of The"Survey Of Current Business", Pp. 206-09. 1917-21: Compiled By Enameled Sanitary Ware Manufacturers Assoc. From Reports Of Its Members Representing About 98% Of The Industry. 1922-31: Compiled By U.S. Bureau Of The Census. This NBER data series m02129 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02129

Source: U.S. Bureau Of The Census, Record Book Of Business Statistics, Part Ii, P. 39; Survey Of Current Business, 1932 Annual Supplement, Pp. 208-209 This NBER data series m06033 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 6 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter06.html. NBER Indicator: m06033

Data Were Checked With The Bureau Of The Census Enameled Sanitary Ware Press Release, December 1931. Source: U.S. Department Of Commerce, Data For 1919-1922: Record Book Of Business Statistics, Part 2, P. 36; Data For 1923-1931: Survey Of Current Business, 1932 Supplement, Pp. 206-207 This NBER data series m05027 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 5 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter05.html. NBER Indicator: m05027

Data Were Checked With The Bureau Of The Census Enameled Sanitary Ware Press Release, December 1931. Source: U.S. Department Of Commerce, Data For 1919-1922: Record Book Of Business Statistics, Part 2, P. 37; Data For 1923-1931: Survey Of Current Business, 1932 Supplement, Pp. 206-207 This NBER data series m05028 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 5 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter05.html. NBER Indicator: m05028

Source: U.S. Department Of Commerce, Data For 1919-1922: Record Book Of Business Statistics, Part 2, P. 38; Data For 1923-1931: Survey Of Current Business, 1932 Supplement, Pp. 206-207 This NBER data series m05029 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 5 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter05.html. NBER Indicator: m05029

Source: U.S. Department Of Commerce, Data For 1919-1922: Record Book Of Business Statistics, Part 2, P. ;39; Data For 1923-1931: Survey Of Current Business, 1932 Supplement, Pp. 206-207 This NBER data series m05030 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 5 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter05.html. NBER Indicator: m05030

Series Has Been Subdivided Into 3 Variables: (1) V855 -- Original Data, 1919-1928; (2) V856 -- Original Data, 1928-1934; (3) V857 -- Original Data, 1932-1943. 1919-28: Prorated To 100% Of Industry From 60-90%; 1928-34: Data Cover 40 Identical Manufacturers Comprising Practically Entire Industry; 1932-43: Coverage Varied From 23 To 32 Companies (85-95% Of Industry). Source: 1919-28: "Survey Of Current Business", Sept. 1923, P. 55 And Later Issues; 1928-43: Bureau Of The Census Releases On Asphalt Prepared Roofing Except 1932 Of Third Segment Which Is From "Survey Of Current Business, 1936 Supplement" This NBER data series m02131a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02131a

Series Has Been Subdivided Into 4 Variables: (1) V866 -- Original Data, 1919-1925; (2) V867 -- Original Data, 1923-1928; (3) V868 -- Original Data, 1925-1943; (4) V869 -- Original Data, 1932-1949. Source: Computed By NBER By Dividing 02014 By Corresponding Data For Floor Space From Dodge. Data For New Buildings Only (37 States); Same Method As For 02139. First Three Segments Have Same Coverage As In 02139. This NBER data series m02141a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02141a

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1911-1919 (2)--Original Data, 1919-1944 (3)--Original Data, 1945-1957 (6)--Original Data, 1956-1959. The Two Mail Order Houses Are Montgomery Ward And Company And Sears, Roebuck And Company. The Survey Of Current Business Begins Its Coverage In 1920; The Standard Statistical Bulletin Presents Identical Coverage Since 1919. Beginning In 1925, Total Sales Include Sales By An Increasing Number Of Retail Stores Owned By The Companies Covered. Source: Data For 1919-March 1920: Standard Statistical Bulletin, January 1932, P. 174; Data For April 1920-1944: Survey Of Current Business, 1932 Annual Supplement And Following Supplements This NBER data series m06003ab appears on the NBER website in Chapter 6 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter06.html. NBER Indicator: m06003ab

Source: Federal Reserve Bank Of New York, Domestic Research Division This NBER data series m06003a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 6 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter06.html. NBER Indicator: m06003a

Series Has Been Subdivided Into 4 Variables: (1) V866 -- Original Data, 1919-1925; (2) V867 -- Original Data, 1923-1928; (3) V868 -- Original Data, 1925-1943; (4) V869 -- Original Data, 1932-1949. Source: This NBER data series m02141b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02141b

Series Has Been Subdivided Into 4 Variables: (1) V866 -- Original Data, 1919-1925; (2) V867 -- Original Data, 1923-1928; (3) V868 -- Original Data, 1925-1943; (4) V869 -- Original Data, 1932-1949. Source: This NBER data series m02141c appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02141c

Source Code: Q:IT:N:628 Coverage includes all types of new and existing dwellings in the whole country. For more information, please see https://www.bis.org/statistics/pp_detailed.htm. Any use of the series shall be cited as follows: "Sources: National sources, BIS Residential Property Price database, http://www.bis.org/statistics/pp.htm." Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.

Source Code: Q:IT:N:368 Coverage includes all types of new and existing dwellings in the whole country. For more information, please see https://www.bis.org/statistics/pp_detailed.htm. Any use of the series shall be cited as follows: "Sources: National sources, BIS Residential Property Price database, http://www.bis.org/statistics/pp.htm." Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions.

BEA Account Code: A2014C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: W498RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: W165RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: W154RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: Y682RC A Guide to the National Income and Product Accounts of the United States (NIPA) - (http://www.bea.gov/national/pdf/nipaguid.pdf)

BEA Account Code: A2013C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A2024C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: DHUFRA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B952RG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B952RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B499RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B499RG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1302G For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1302A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1301G For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1301A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1300G For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1300A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1028A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1028G For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1027G For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1027A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A2008A For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A2008G For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.