Federal Reserve Economic Data: Your trusted data source since 1991

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCCRG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: DPCCRV For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures less food and energy (Core PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. Core PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures less food and energy. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents the midpoint of the central tendency forecast's high and low values established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents the midpoint of the central tendency forecast's high and low values established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures less food and energy (Core PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. Core PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures less food and energy. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year. This series represents the median value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. For each period, the median is the middle projection when the projections are arranged from lowest to highest. When the number of projections is even, the median is the average of the two middle projections. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the year. This series represents the median value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. For each period, the median is the middle projection when the projections are arranged from lowest to highest. When the number of projections is even, the median is the average of the two middle projections. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Billions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCCRC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures less food and energy (Core PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. Core PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures less food and energy. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents the high value of the central tendency forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: PC001260 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: IA001176 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Not Applicable, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2015-06-17 to 2024-03-20 (Mar 20)

    The longer-run projections are the rates of growth, inflation, unemployment, and federal funds rate to which a policymaker expects the economy to converge over time in the absence of further shocks and under appropriate monetary policy. Because appropriate monetary policy, by definition, is aimed at achieving the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability in the longer run, policymakers' longer-run projections for economic growth and unemployment may be interpreted, respectively, as estimates of the economy's longer-run potential growth rate and the longer-run normal rate of unemployment; similarly, the longer-run projection of inflation is the rate of inflation which the FOMC judges to be most consistent with its dual mandate in the longer-term. Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the year. This series represents the median value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. For each period, the median is the middle projection when the projections are arranged from lowest to highest. When the number of projections is even, the median is the average of the two middle projections. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Millions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: LA001260 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: PB001176 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Not Applicable, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2009-02-18 to 2024-03-20 (Mar 20)

    The longer-run projections are the rates of growth, inflation, and unemployment to which a policymaker expects the economy to converge over time in the absence of further shocks and under appropriate monetary policy. Because appropriate monetary policy, by definition, is aimed at achieving the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability in the longer run, policymakers' longer-run projections for economic growth and unemployment may be interpreted, respectively, as estimates of the economy's longer-run potential growth rate and the longer-run normal rate of unemployment; similarly, the longer-run projection of inflation is the rate of inflation which the FOMC judges to be most consistent with its dual mandate in the longer-term. Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents the midpoint of the central tendency forecast's high and low values established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Not Applicable, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2009-02-18 to 2024-03-20 (Mar 20)

    The longer-run projections are the rates of growth, inflation, and unemployment to which a policymaker expects the economy to converge over time in the absence of further shocks and under appropriate monetary policy. Because appropriate monetary policy, by definition, is aimed at achieving the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability in the longer run, policymakers' longer-run projections for economic growth and unemployment may be interpreted, respectively, as estimates of the economy's longer-run potential growth rate and the longer-run normal rate of unemployment; similarly, the longer-run projection of inflation is the rate of inflation which the FOMC judges to be most consistent with its dual mandate in the longer-term. Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth-quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. The PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents low value of the central tendency forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures less food and energy (Core PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. Core PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures less food and energy. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents the low value of the central tendency forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents the low value of the central tendency forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: DPCCRL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Millions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2007 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: LB001260 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2007 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCCRX For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures less food and energy (Core PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. Core PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures less food and energy. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year. This series represents the high value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures less food and energy (Core PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. Core PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures less food and energy. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year. This series represents the low value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCCRA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1988 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: DPCXRV For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Millions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2007 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: LB001176 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: IB001176 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: IB001260 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the year. This series represents the low value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth-quarter growth rates, hat is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. The PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents the high value of the central tendency forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Not Applicable, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2009-02-18 to 2024-03-20 (Mar 20)

    The longer-run projections are the rates of growth, inflation, and unemployment to which a policymaker expects the economy to converge over time in the absence of further shocks and under appropriate monetary policy. Because appropriate monetary policy, by definition, is aimed at achieving the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability in the longer run, policymakers' longer-run projections for economic growth and unemployment may be interpreted, respectively, as estimates of the economy's longer-run potential growth rate and the longer-run normal rate of unemployment; similarly, the longer-run projection of inflation is the rate of inflation which the FOMC judges to be most consistent with its dual mandate in the longer-term. Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the year. This series represents the low value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: PC001176 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: CB001260 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures less food and energy (Core PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. Core PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures less food and energy. Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year. This series represents the midpoint of the range forecast's high and low values established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1988 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCXRL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2007 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCXRX For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1987 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCXRG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1987 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCXRA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1988 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCXRZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: CB001176 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCCRZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the year. This series represents the midpoint of the range forecast's high and low values established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2024 to 2026 (Mar 20)

    Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the year. This series represents high value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Not Applicable, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2009-02-18 to 2024-03-20 (Mar 20)

    The longer-run projections are the rates of growth, inflation, and unemployment to which a policymaker expects the economy to converge over time in the absence of further shocks and under appropriate monetary policy. Because appropriate monetary policy, by definition, is aimed at achieving the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability in the longer run, policymakers' longer-run projections for economic growth and unemployment may be interpreted, respectively, as estimates of the economy's longer-run potential growth rate and the longer-run normal rate of unemployment; similarly, the longer-run projection of inflation is the rate of inflation which the FOMC judges to be most consistent with its dual mandate in the longer-term. Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the year. This series represents the midpoint of the range forecast's high and low values established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Not Applicable, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2009-02-18 to 2024-03-20 (Mar 20)

    The longer-run projections are the rates of growth, inflation, and unemployment to which a policymaker expects the economy to converge over time in the absence of further shocks and under appropriate monetary policy. Because appropriate monetary policy, by definition, is aimed at achieving the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability in the longer run, policymakers' longer-run projections for economic growth and unemployment may be interpreted, respectively, as estimates of the economy's longer-run potential growth rate and the longer-run normal rate of unemployment; similarly, the longer-run projection of inflation is the rate of inflation which the FOMC judges to be most consistent with its dual mandate in the longer-term. Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth quarter growth rates, that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the year. This series represents the high value of the range forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Fourth Quarter to Fourth Quarter Percent Change, Not Applicable, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2009-02-18 to 2024-03-20 (Mar 20)

    The longer-run projections are the rates of growth, inflation, and unemployment to which a policymaker expects the economy to converge over time in the absence of further shocks and under appropriate monetary policy. Because appropriate monetary policy, by definition, is aimed at achieving the Federal Reserve's dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability in the longer run, policymakers' longer-run projections for economic growth and unemployment may be interpreted, respectively, as estimates of the economy's longer-run potential growth rate and the longer-run normal rate of unemployment; similarly, the longer-run projection of inflation is the rate of inflation which the FOMC judges to be most consistent with its dual mandate in the longer-term. Projections of personal consumption expenditures (PCE) inflation rate are fourth-quarter growth rates - that is, percentage changes from the fourth quarter of the prior year to the fourth quarter of the indicated year. The PCE inflation rate is the percentage rates of change in the price index for personal consumption expenditures (PCEPI). Each participant's projections are based on his or her assessment of appropriate monetary policy. The range for each variable in a given year includes all participants' projections, from lowest to highest, for that variable in the given year; the central tendencies exclude the three highest and three lowest projections for each year. This series represents the high value of the central tendency forecast established by the Federal Open Market Committee. Digitized originals of this release can be found at https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publication/?pid=677.

  • Millions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: LA001176 For more information about this series, please see please visit the GDP release page (https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product).

  • Billions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    View data of PCE, an index that measures monthly changes in the price of consumer goods and services as a means of analyzing inflation.

  • Billions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1987 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: DPCXRC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.


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