Percentage points contribution to GDP calculated within the historical chains of data. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Calendar year average. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

For Further Information See Source. Source: Manuel Gottlieb, "Long Swings In Urban Development, " Table E-9 This NBER data series a02291 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02291

BEA Account Code: A991RS For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

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BEA Account Code: A997RS For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

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BEA Account Code: A253RY For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

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BEA Account Code: B009RJ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

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BEA Account Code: A542RS For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

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BEA Account Code: A823RJ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

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BEA Account Code: A872RZ2 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

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