Federal Reserve Economic Data

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1894-1947 (2)--Original Data, 1947-1958. Prices Are As Of First Tuesday Each Month (See Bls Bulletins Through 1916) Through 1917. Beginning In 1918, The Average Of Weekly Quotations Is Given. Prices Are For "Box Annealed, Cold-Rolled, U.S. Standard, No.27." Quarterly Figures Are Averages Of The Respective Months. Beginning In 1917, Prices Were Computed To 1 Additional Place By Multiplying The 1913 Price Of $0.0219 And The 1913 Base Relatives. Beginning In 1926, The Extra Digit Was Computed From The 1926 Price Of $0.0317 And The 1926 Base Relatives. Bls Code #446 Was Changed To #446.1 In March, 1946. There Seems To Be No Change Except For The Fact That The Quotation Is Now In "Dollars Per 100 Pounds." Bulletin Nos. 877 And 920 Do Not Make This Clear. However, The Monthly Mimeographed Release Shows A New Series, #446.2. This Is A "Substitution, Rolled, 11 Gauge, 36" To 48" Wide, Per 100 Pounds, F.O.B. Basing Point." Bls Bulletin 947 Carries This Series Back To January, 1947. In The New Index, The Series Code Is 10-14-46. Source: Bls Bulletins And "Wholesale Prices" And Iron Age. This NBER data series m04154a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04154a

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1873-1890 (2)--Original Data, 1890-1892; (3)--Original Data, 1889-1894 (7)--Original Data, 1894-1958. Data Are Averages Of Weekly Quotations. Discrepancies Between Bls Figures And Those Reported In Iron Age Were Checked By Averaging Weekly Figures In Iron Age. In Most Cases The Iron Age Monthly Figures Were Incorrectly Computed. March, 1951-May, 1952 And August, 1952-January, 1953 Prices Reflect The Ops Basing Point Price Ceiling. The Figure For April, 1958, Is For Three Weeks Only Source: Iron Age, Weekly Issues, For Data From 1894-1900. For The Years 1901-1912, Data Were Taken From Iron Age, January 2, 1902, P.10, January 1, 1903, P.48, And January 7, 1915, P.15. 1913-1939 Data Are From Bls Bulletins And "Wholesale Prices" And Iron Age, January 4, 1923, P.74, January 4, 1940, And Following Issues. This NBER data series m04142d appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04142d

Data Is Listed As "Summe Der Neuen Konkurse." Data For 1895 Were Computed By Adding "Eroffnung Der Konkursverfahrungs" And All Items Under "Wegen Nichtvorhandenseins" (See Source, 1896, I, P. 156). Only First Quarter Data Are Available For 1911 (See Source Footnote, 1913, Ii, P. 208). For 1913 Data See Source, 1913, Iii, P. 10. Beginning In The Fourth Quarter Of 1918 Alsaice-Lorraine Is Excluded; Beginning In The Fourth Quarter Of 1921 The Saar Is Also Excluded. Source: Statistisches Reichsamt, Vierteljahrshefte Zur Statistik; Monthly Figures For 1925-1932 Also From Konjunkturstatistisches Jahrbuch, 1933, P. 170. This NBER data series q09043 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 9 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter09.html. NBER Indicator: q09043

Data From 1895-1909 Refer To The Average Number Of Days Worked Per Week During The Month, Based On 4 Weeks. Data Beginning In 1910 Refer To The Average Number Of Days Worked Per Week For One Fortnight Per Month -- Sometimes The First Two Weeks Of The Month, Sometimes The Last Two Weeks. Data Include Iron Ore And Ironstone Mines And Openworks. Data For May-November, 1898 Are Affected By Employment In Scotland. The Drop In March, 1912 Is The Result Of A General Coal Mining Stoppage. Beginning In 1920 It Is Assumed That Data Refer Only To Mines In Great Britain. A General Coal Mining Stoppage Occured In October, 1920. Employment Is Low In May-December, 1926 Primarily As The Result Of The Decreased Demand For Iron Ore At Iron Ore And Steel Works Due To A Shortage Of Fuel. Most Of The Mines Were Closed Down During May And By The End Of The Month The Industry Was Almost At A Total Standstill. Coal Mining Disputes Affected Mining During Subsequent Months. Source: Ministry Of Labour (Labour Department,Board Of Trade Until 1925), Abstract Of Labour Statistics, 1897-1898, P. 80; And Following Abstracts; Data For 1934 Only Is From Ministry Of Labour Gazette. This NBER data series m08038 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08038

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1895-1920 (2)--Original Data, 1919-1954. Source: Ralph L. Nelson, The Merger Movement In American Industry (NBER), An Unpublished Manuscript This NBER data series q10093a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: q10093a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1895-1928 (2)--Original Data, 1923-1941. The Joplin District, Sometimes Called The Tri-State District, Includes Parts Of Missouri, Kansas, And Oklahoma. Data For 1895 (From The February 1, 1896 Engineering And Mining Journal) Are Weekly Averages Derived By NBER By Dividing Monthly Figures By Four Or Five Depending On The Number Of Weeks Ending On Saturday Having A Majority Of Days In A Given Month. Data For 1896-1903 Represent The Average Of Turn-Outs In Mining Camps Given For Previous Weeks In Successive Weekly Issues Of The Source. Where A Figure Was Omitted, Cumulative Totals Were Used To Obtain The Missing Week. Figures Given Originally In Pounds Have Been Converted To Short Tons By NBER By Dividing By 2000. Weekly Averages Were Computed From Weeks Ending On Saturday, Having A Majority Of Days In A Given Month. Data For 1904-1928 Were Given In Successive Issues Of The Source For Current Week, Similar Week In Previous Year, And Previous Week. The Previous Year Figure Was Used Whenever Possible, But Where Its Accuracy Was Questioned, Cumulative Totals Were Used To Determine The Most Reasonable Figure. Area Covered Is U.S.-- Joplin District. Source: Data For 1895-1903: Engineering And Mining Journal, February 1, 1896, P. 118, And Following Issues. Data For 1904-1928: New York Metal Exchange, Official Daily Market Reports. This NBER data series m01140a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01140a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1895-1928 (2)--Original Data, 1920-1941. Data For 1895-1903 Are Weekly Averages Derived By NBER By Dividing Monthly Figures By The Number Of Weeks Ending On Saturdays Having A Majority Of Days In A Given Month. Data Are For The Joplin District, Also Known As The Tri-State District. This Area Includes Parts Of Missouri, Kansas And Oklahoma And Produces About Two-Thirds Of The Ore Mined In The United States. Source: Data For 1895-1903: Computed By NBER From Data In Engineering And Mining Journal. Data For 1904-1928: Official Daily Market Reports Of New York Metal Exchange. This NBER data series m01141a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01141a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1896 (2)--Original Data, 1895-1916. There May Be Some Element Of Seasonal Variation In This Variable But It Is Obscured By Large Cyclical Movements. A Strike In August-September 1896 Accounts For The Decrease. The Figure For December 1903 Comes From The Iron And Coal Trades Review, January 1, 1904, As The Economists Appears To Have Misprinted It As 10,040. The Iron And Coal Trades Review Was Also Used For Data In April 1907, Febuary And November Of 1910, And November And December Of 1914. End Of Month Figures Were Derived By Taking The Figure From The Iron And Coal Trades Review For The Week Ending Nearest To The End Of The Respective Months. Source: The London Economist, Monthly Trade Supplements This NBER data series m05019b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 5 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter05.html. NBER Indicator: m05019b

Data Are For The Number Of Vehicles Registered As Of December 31St. Data For 1944 Are Estimated. Source: Data For 1895-1939: U.S. Bureau Of Public Roads, National Automobile Chamber Of Commerce, Facts And Figures Of The Automobile Industry, 1933, P. 10; 1943, P. 48. Data For 1940-1944: Public Roads Administration, Comparison Of Motor Vehicle Registration. This NBER data series a01108 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01108

Data Represent Rail Receipts Through 1929, Rail And Truck Receipts Thereafter. Milk Reporter Data Cover Receipts Fresh Cream And Condensed Milk, Given In One Figure. Beginning In 1930 Data Are Collected By The Bureau Of Agricultural Economics, And Are Computed By Adding Receipts Of Fresh Cream And Receipts Of Condensed Milk. Receipts Of Frozen Cream Are Added Beginning In 1932. The Frozen Cream Data Are Not In The Original Source And Are Taken From H.R. Varney, Transportation Of Cream And Milk To The New York Market (Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station, Ithaca, New York, Bulletin No.655), 1936 P. 64. For Lack Of Frozen Cream Data In The Source Used, July And November 1938 Figures Were Computed From"Receipts Of Milk And Cream At The New York Market, Pollard And Champlin, July 1939 (Bae Mimeographed Release, In Cooperation With The New York State College Of Agriculture). Source: 1895-1929 Data Are From The Milk Reporter; 1930-1939 Data Are From American Creamery And Poultry Produce Review; 1940-1944 Data Are From American Milk Review. This NBER data series m01066 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01066

The Total Of Manufacturing And Mining Includes Certain Groups Not Assignable To Either Of The Separate Groups (See Tables B-2 And B-3.) Source: Ralph L. Nelson, The Merger Movement In American Industry (NBER), An Unpublished Manuscript This NBER data series q10094 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: q10094

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1895-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1941. Series Called "Wholesale Prices Of Portland Cement, Domestic, New York. Data Are As Of The First Of Each Month. Quotations Are From The New York Journal Of Commerce Year Book For The Period 1895-1897, And From The New York Journal Of Commerce And Commercial Bulletin For 1898-1915. Figures For 1895-1901 Are Computed From The Range. 1911-1913 Data Are For Barrels Of 400 Pound Gross Weight. This Series Was Discontinued In 1915. "It Has Been Necessary...To Make Substitutions In Case Of Cement...Owing To Discontinuance Of Quotations...In The Trade Journal Sources From Which...Hitherto Obtained" (NBER Annotation; Quoted From Bls Bulletin No.226, P.5). Source: Bls Bulletins, Nos. 39, 45, 51, 57, 63, 69, 75, 81, 87, 93, 99, 114 149, 181, And 200. " This NBER data series m04076a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04076a

Data Refers To Prices On The First Of Each Month, Delivered To Lower Lake Ports. Bases For Price Determination Are As Follows (% Of Natural Iron) -- 1895-1904: 52.8%; 1905-11/1906: 53.0%; 12/1906-1939: 51.5%. Source: Iron Trade Review, April 22, 1915, P. 804; "Steel" (Formerly "Iron Trade Review"), January 1, 1934, P. 139, And Following January Issues This NBER data series m04163 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04163

Coverage Excludes Warships, Official Boats And Canal Working Boats Throughout; After March 1921, Sport Ships Are Also Excluded. The Kiel Canal Was At One Point Known As The Kaiser Wilhelm Canal. Source: Statistiches Reichsamt, "Vierteljahreshefte Zur Statistik Des Deutchen Reiches", 1896 And Following Years. This NBER data series m03021 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: m03021

After 1913, On Account Of The War, Data Were Not Published Regularly. 1897-1913 Data Are Monthly Averages From La Reforme Economique. Annuaire Statistique Figures Refer To At Or Near The End Of The Month. In 1914, The Quality Was Changed To "Marchand Au Coke." In 1916, The Quality Was Changed To "Iron (Marchand)--Vendible First Class." Source: 1897-1913 Data Are From La Reforme Economique (See February 5, 1899, P.160 And January 14, 1900, P.62). 1913-1934 Data Are From Annuaire Statistique. This NBER data series q04014 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: q04014

1896-1914: Years Run From Feb.1 To Jan. 31. 1915: Feb. 1 - Dec. 31 (11 Months). 1916-44: Calendar Years. About 36 Districts Were Annexed By The City Of Pittsburgh In 1894-1931. The Only Important Area Was The City Of Allegheny, Annexed Dec. 1907, With Assessed Value Of $109.4 Million In 1909 Compared To That Of Former Area, $587.3 Million In 1910. Source: Superintendent, Pittsburgh, Bur. Of Build. Insp., Dept. Of Public Safety (By Correspondence). This NBER data series a02052 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02052

Source: Superintendent, Pittsburgh, Bur. Of Build. Insp., Dept. Of Public Safety (By Correspondence). This NBER data series a02064 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02064

Source: Superintendent, Pittsburgh, Bur. Of Build. Insp., Dept. Of Public Safety (By Correspondence). This NBER data series a02065 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02065

Data For January-August, 1896 Are Comparable Data For 38 Agencies, Computed By Dr. J. Jastrow. Data For September, 1896-August, 1897 Are The Simple Average Of Jastrow'S Figures For 38 Agencies And Data From Der Arbeitsmarkt. Data For September, 1897-1906 Are The Simple Average Of Figures As Published In Der Arbeitsmarkt -- The Average Of The First And Second Publications For Any Month, Which Differ In The Number Of Agencies Reporting. Data From Reichsarbeitsblatt Are Published In The Table Entitled "Die Vermittelungstatigkeit Der Arbeitsnachweise, Auf 100 Affene Stellen, M." Beginning In 1930 Data Was Computed By NBER. Data For July And August, 1933 Were Interpolated. Source: Data For January-August, 1896 Is From Jahrbucher Fur Nationalakonomie, Folge 3, 1898, P.301; Data For September, 1896-1906 Is From Der Arbeitsmarkt, Verbandes Deutscher Arbeitsnachweise; For 1907-1934 From Reichsarbeitsblatt.

Data Are Listed In Source Under "Budget De L'Etat-Timbre Proportionnel--Effects Negotiable Au Mon, Warrants, Billets De Banque." Data Were Repeated In Source The Following Year And Thus Double-Checked. Discrepancies Were Settled By Summing Component Parts Of A Total Or By Successive Cumulative Totals. The Raw Figure For April 1924 (13808) Was Misprinted By The Source As 13308. The Cumulative Total In 1924 And 1925 For May 1924 Is Also Probably A Misprint. Only Quarterly Data Is Available For April-June, 1934. Source: Ministere Des Finances, Bulletin De Statistique Et De Legislation Comparee, January 1897, P. 184, And Successive Monthly Issues This NBER data series m15014 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15014

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1883-1896 (2)--Original Data, 1896-1939. Data Is Listed In Source As "Budget De L'Etat" And Is Called "Timbre Debits Non Sujet Decimes, Special, Quittances, Recus Et Cheques." Three Figures For 1896 Are Given In The 1897 Source And Are On A Higher Level. The Tax Was Raised In July 1920. The Rate Was Changed In April 1924. Beginning In August 1925 Data Cover Only Checks And Bank Transfers ("Vierements"). In March 1933 The Tax Was Raised From 20 To 50 Centimes. Only Quarterly Data Are Available For April-June, 1934. Source: Ministere De Finance, Bulletin De Statistique De Legislation Comparee This NBER data series m15015b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15015b

Series Is Presented Here As Eight Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1860-1888 (2)--Original Data, 1888-1897 (3)--Original Data, 1897-1904 (4)--Original, 1904-1919 (5)--Original, 1918-1924 (6)--Original, 1924-1931 (7)--Original, 1931-1936 (8)--Original, 1936-1949. Data Cover Nine States: Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Illinois, And Texas. Source: Evans, "Business Incorporations In The United States, 1800-1943" (NBER) This NBER data series m10035c appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10035c

This Series Was Derived By Applying A Building Cost Index To The Current Dollar. For Further Information See Source. Source: Raymond W. Goldsmith, "A Study Of Saving In The United States, " Vol. I, Princeton, 1955, Tables R-4, P. 587; R-5, P. 588; And R-31, P. 623. This NBER data series a02272 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02272

After 1913, On Account Of The War, Data Were Not Published Regularly. 1897-1913 Data Are Monthly Averages From La Reforme Economique. Annuaire Statistique Figures Refer To At Or Near The End Of The Month. In 1914, The Quality Was Changed To "Marchand Au Coke." In 1916, The Quality Was Changed To "Iron (Marchand)--Vendible First Class." Source: 1897-1913 Data Are From La Reforme Economique (See February 5, 1899, P.160 And January 14, 1900, P.62). 1913-1934 Data Are From Annuaire Statistique. This NBER data series m04014 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04014

On November 3, 1917 Postal Rates Were Increased From 2 To 3 Cents For First Class Mail Other Than Drop Letters Which Increased From 1 To 2 Cents Along With Post Cards. In July 1919 Rates Were Reduced To Those In Effect Before November 1917. On July 6, 1932 Letter Postage Was Increased From 2 To 3 Cents. The Rate Of Local Delivery Letters Was Reduced From 3 Cents To 2 Cents Effective July 1, 1933. Receipts From Louisville For The Period January 24-31, 1937 Are Not Included (See Survey Of Current Business, Annual Supplement). For Reasons Of Discontinuance See Survey Of Current Business, June 1942, Pp. 5-6). Source: U.S. Post Office Department This NBER data series m15006 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15006

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1897-1916 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1958 A Detailed Description Of Methods Of Constucting Averages Is Given In "Basis Of Calculation Of Dow-Jones Average" Available From The Wall Street Journal. For A More Detailed Description Of The Series, See Business Cycle Indicators, Vol. Ii, Moore, NBER. This Index Is Based On Daily Closing Prices On The New York Stock Exchange. Averages Of Highest And Lowest Indexes For The Month Are Used. Source: Data Were Compiled By Dow Jones And Company From Quotations In The Wall Street Journal. Data Are From The Dow-Jones Averages, 13Th Edition, 1948, And Supplementary Averages (Barron'S Publishing Company). This NBER data series m11009a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 11 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter11.html. NBER Indicator: m11009a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1897-1926 (2)--Original Data, 1927-1941. Source: Data Are From Mineral Resources, 1925, Part Ii P. 543; 1928, Part Ii, P.719; 1931, Part Ii, P.379. This NBER data series m01120a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01120a

Data Are The Averages Of Monthly High And Low Prices As Reported In The"Oil, Paint, And Drug Reporter". Weber And Alsberg Computations For All Years Except 1918-1925, For Which Data Are From "Statistics Of Fats, Oils, And Oleaginous Raw Materials", Usda Statistical Bulletin No. 24, September 1928, P. 62. Source: Food Research Institute, Stanford University, "Fats And Oils Studies" No. 5, June 1934:"The American Vegetable-Shortening Industry" By G.M. Weber And C.L. Alsberg, P. 347 This NBER data series m04122a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04122a

These Series Excludes The Miners Of Pas De Calais And Nord Who Did Not Report Regularly. Source: 1897-1901 Data Are From Bulletin Du Ministere Du Travail, 1902 P. 450; 1900-1914 Data Are From Journal De La Societe De Statistique De Paris, February, 1929, Pp. 80-83. This NBER data series m08024a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08024a

These Series Excludes The Miners Of Pas De Calais And Nord Who Did Not Report Regularly. Source: 1897-1901 Data Are From Bulletin Du Ministere Du Travail, 1902 P. 450; 1900-1914 Data Are From Journal De La Societe De Statistique De Paris, February, 1929, Pp. 80-83 This NBER data series m08024b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08024b

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)-- Original Data, 1876-1897 (2)--Original Data, 1897-1916 (3)--Original Data, 1910-1915, 1921-1922, 1924-1936. Source: Vierteljahrshefte Zur Statistik Des Deutschen Reichs, 1893, I, P.38 And Later Issues. This NBER data series m04117b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04117b

According To The 1928 Journal De La Societe De Statistique, In 1913 The Average Net Yield Equalled 3.78% For A Portfolio Of 180 Securities Of Varying Return. Starting From This Yield And Using The Monthly Index Of Security Prices And Earnings On The Base 1913=100, The Net Yield For Each Month Of The Period Examined Was Calculated. Data For 1932-1935 Are Listed In The Source Under "France. Banque; Valeurs..." On The Second Page Of Each Bulletin, Under The General Heading "Indices Economiques". Source: Statistique Generale, Data For 1898-1914: Jean Dessirier In Journal De La Societe De Statistique De Paris, February 1929, Pp. 80-83. Data For 1919-1931: Indices Generaux Du Movement Economique En France De 1901 A 1931, Pp. 143-145, 160. Data For 1932-1939: Bulletin De La Statistique Generale. This NBER data series m13027 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13027

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1898-1938 (2)--Original Data, 1928-1938. This Index Represents Annual Averages Of Monthly Figures In Series 01004B (Industrial Production); Data Are More Comprehensive Than Monthly Data Of Series 01004B. Source: Statistique Generale De La France, Data For 1898-1930: Indices Generaux Du Mouvement Economique En France De 1901 A 1931. Data For 1931-1938: Bulletin De La Statistique Generale, Successive Issues. This NBER data series a01008ba appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01008ba

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1875-1904 (2)--Original Data, 1898-1958. Prices Given Are Averages Of Weekly Quotations. Common Grades Are Usually Specified As "Prime Western," Delivered At The New York Price. Beginning In December, 1942, A 3% Freight Tax Is Reflected In The Prices. Summary Tables In Annual Review Issues Of Iron Age Show The Price To Be 8.65 Without Mention Of Freight Tax (See January 6, 1949, P.352 And Previous January Issues. However, The Monthly Issues Show The Change From 8.67 To 8.65 From November 16, 1944, On; 8.67 Being Last Shown On November 9, 1944, P.155. The Bls"Wholesale Prices" Give $0.087 Through December 1943, And $0.086 Thereafter. Source: Iron Age, January 7, 1915 And Following January Issues For Summary Tables; Current Averages From Engineering And Mining Journal. This NBER data series m04092b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04092b

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1898-1914 (2)--Original Data, 1919-1933. Data Refer To The Tax On Purchases And Sales For Cash And Credit Of Rents And Other Securities, Of Extensions And Transactions Abroad. The Index Was Corrected For An Increase In Rate Due To The Law Of December 31, 1907; So That It May Be Considered A Comparable Measure Throughout. Data Represent Monthly Totals. Data Were Not Smoothed With A Three Month Moving Average. Source: Journal De La Societe De Statistique De Pans, February 1929, Pp. 80-83 This NBER data series m15013a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15013a

Data For 1898-1914 Are Based On Weekly Receipts Published In"L'Official" And The Mean Of Weekly Receipts Of Six Large Systems Computed By Jean Dessicier. Data For This Period Are Not Smoothed By A Three Month Moving Average, Although The Author Does Present Such A Set Of Figures In His Article. Data For 1921-1937 Are Based On The Average Weekly Figures Of Gross Receipts And Are Adjusted For Varying Traffic Rates. Data Cover Seven Railroads: Etat, Alsace-Lorraine, Nord, Est, Midi, Orleans, And P-L-M. Source: Data For 1898-1914: Jean Dessicier, "Journal De La Societe De Statistique De Paris", 1929, P. 80-83. Data For 1921-1931: "Indices Generaux Du Movement Economique En France, 1901-1931", Pp. 105, 156. Data For 1931-35: Furnished Directly By Statistique Generale. This NBER data series m03017 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: m03017

This Series May Be Compared With The Annual Index Given In The May, 1928 Issue Of The Journal (Dessiner) For 54 Securities. Since The Movement Was Very Similar, This Series Was Adjusted Slightly To Have Its Annual Averages The Same As Those Of The Annual Series. This Index Was Felt To Be Superior Since It Covered A Larger Number Of Securities. 1. From Quotations Near The End Of Each Month: A. January, April, July, And October 1898 And Monthly From January, 1898-July, 1900 The Following Stocks Were Used: Banque De France, Banque De Paris, Banque Transatlantique, Acienes Du Nord Et De L'Est, Campaigne Francaise Des Metaux, Chantiers De La Loire, Thomson Houston, Dynamite Centrale, Lyon, Nord, Compagnie Generale Transatlantique, Gaz Pour La France Et L'Etranger, Compagnie Generale Des Eaux, Compagnie Parisienne Du Gaz, Printemps, Entrepots Et Magazins Generaux De Paris, Suez. The General Index Was Computed On The Base December, 1899=100. B. For July, 1900-December, 1901 The Mean Of The Indexes Is Of The Following Groups, On The Base January 1, 1900=100 (See Reforme Economique): French Credit Establishments (7 Securities); French Railways (6 Securities); Metallurgy And Mines (16 Securities); Transportation (10 Securities); Miscellaneous (7 Securities); Fire Insurance (5 Securities); Coal (30 Securities). C. December, 1901-December, 1905 Are After Price Quoted And Are Arithmetic Mean Of Indexes (On The Base June, 1903=100) Of 23 Securities (The 25 Quoted For The Period 1909-1914 Less Lens And Douyes). D. December, 1905-December, 1908 (On Base 1908=100), 41 Securities Are Used. These Include The 25 Used For 1909-1914 (See Below) And Credit Lyonnais, Comptoir D'Escompte, Bethune, Commentry--Four Chambault, Constructions Mecaniques, Electro Metallurgie De Drives, Chantiers De La De La Gironde, Phosphates De Gafsa, Orleans, Midi, Messagries Maortimes, Compagnie Francaise Et Continentale D'Eclairage, Forces Motrices Du Rhone, Entrepots Et Magazins Generaux De Paris, Printemps, Grande Moulirs De Corbeil. E. December, 1908-1914, 25 Securities (On The Base 1908=100). Banque De Paris, Banque De France, Lens, Dourges, Acieries De La Mariue, Chatillon--Commentary, Acieries Du Nord Et De L'Est, Fives--Lille, Trefileries Du Havre, Compagnie Francais Des Metaux, Chantiers De La Loire, Thomson--Houston, Dynamite Centrale, Lyon, Nord, Compagnie Generale Transatlantique, Union Des Gaz, Gaz Et Eaux, Eclairage Et Force Par L'Electricite, Secteur De Clichy, Compagnie Generale D'Electricite, Grand Hotel, Say, Boleo, Suez. "Les Mouvements Saisonniere Sont Apparus Nettement Dessines, Quoique Peu Important, Et Voici Ls Resultats De Ce Calcul. ....Que Nous Indiquens Comme Nettement Dessines Des Variations Saisonniere Pourtant Assez Faibles." Source, P.59. For 1919-1925, The Old Index Was Used. For 1926-1929, A Revision Of The Index, First Computed In January, 1922, Based Upon 194 Securities In 25 Groups, With Each Security Given The Weight Of 100 Francs In The Base Period 1901-1910. This Gave Rise To Certain Difficulties, Because As One Moves Away From The Base Period, Different Stocks Begin To Be Weighted Very Differently (And Not Necesarily Justifiably). What Was Done Then, Was To Compute For Each Security Its Value In January, 1926 When Referred To A Base Whose Base Was Its Average Value In 1925. These Were Then Averaged Together, So That Each Security Was Weighted Equally In 1925, And The Whole Group Then Referred Back To 1913. The Earlier Index (From 1919-1925) Was Kept The Same Except That It Was Converted From The Base 1901-1910 To 1913. But January, 1926 Of The New Index (From 1919-1925) Was Made Equal To The Old Index (211) And After January, 1926, The Series Referred To 288 Securities In 20 Groups. The Groups And The Number Of Securities Included In Each Group Are As Follows: Banks (13); Textile Industries (13); Insurance Companies (15); Railroads, Great Systems (10); Coal Mines Of The Center (7); Railroads, Miscellaneous And Urban Transport--France, Algeria, And Tunis (14); Coal Mines Of The North (11); Miscellaneous Mines--France, Algeria, And Tunis (9); Transportation--Water (9); Iron And Steel Works (13); Gas (12); Metal Works, Mechanical And Electrical Construction (24); Electricity (23); Diverse Industries (22); Shipbuilding (7); Miscellaneous Trading (16); Buliding Materials (11); Colonial Companies (25); Chemical Products (16); French Companies Operating Abroad (18). The Old Index Consisted Of These Groups And Number Of Securities Their Respective Numbers Of Securities: Banks And Credit Institutions (13); Miscellaneous French And Colonial Railroads (10); Coal Mines Of The Loire And Center (5); Urban Transport (6); Navigation (6); Docks And Piers (3); Coal Mines Of The North (10); Iron And Steel Works (10); Metal Mines (4); Suez Canal (1); Metals (4); Mechanical Construction (5); Gas (12); Shipbuilding (5); Water (4); Electricity (26); Materials And Miscellaneous"Ontillages" (4); Foodstuffs And Mineral Waters (13); Chemical Products--Salts And Phosphates (11); Building Materials (5); Printing (4); Department Stores (4); Foreign Railroads (8); Textiles (2); French Railroads, Major Systems (5). These Have Been Corrected For Changes In Capitalization And Distribution Of Reserves. See Bulletin, January, 1932, P.243 And Following, For 1932 Revisions. The Method And Base Remained The Same, But In 1929, The Number Of Securities Changed From 288 In 20 Groups To 300 In 22 Groups. The New Groups And The Respective Number Of Securities In Each Group Is As Follows: Banques (20); Railroads, Miscellaneous And Urban (13); Assurances (15); Hauilleres Du Centre (8); Navigation (9); Hauilleres Du Nord (11); Gas (12); Miscellaneous Mining (8); Electricity (21); Iron And Steel (13); Food--Alimentation (14); Mechanical Construction(24); Large Warehouses--Grands Magasins (8); Shipbuilding (6); Building Materials (13); Miscellaneous Industries (16); Chemical Products (16); Miscellaneous Trading (12); Textile Industry (16); Colonial Companies (20); Railroads, Large Systems (10); French Companies Operating Abroad(15). Source: 1890-1914 Data Are From Societe De Statistique De Paris, Journal, February, 1929, Pp.80-83; 1919-1931 Data Are From Indices Generaux Du Mouvement Economique En France De 1901 A 1931; 1932-1939 Data Are From Bulletin De La Statistique Generale. This NBER data series m11024 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 11 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter11.html. NBER Indicator: m11024

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1898-1955 (2)--Original Data, 1953-1958. Data Are Averages Of Weekly Quotations. The Published Price For January-November, 1938 Was $5.35 But In A Post-Season Action Producers Granted A Retroactive Price Adjustment On All Shipments Between January 1 And November 10. See Iron Age, December 1, 1938, P.94. (Reduction Made To $5.10) While The Iron Age Shows The 07/1948 Price As Continuous, The Bls (Which Has Shown The Series For A Long Period Under Code #455) Indicates A Change From "F.O.B. Pittsburgh, Basing Point" To "F.O.B. Producing Points, Pittsburgh Area" (Code #455.1 In Old Index; Code #10-14-66.01 In New Index). No Overlap Is Given. The Data Shown By Both Iron Age And Bls Are Identical. Source: Iron Age, January 7, 1915, P.24, January 4, 1923, P.76, January 4, 1940, P.172, And Subsequent Annual Issues Through 1956. This NBER data series m04145 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04145

1914-1940 Data Were Also Checked With Bls Series Of Two Digit Figures. 1926-1938 Data Were Also Checked With The U.S. Steel Corporation, Tnec Papers, Vol.Ii, P.82. Source: Iron Age, January Review Issues, 1915, 1920, 1940, And Following Monthly Issues. This NBER data series m04159 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04159

The Data Are Averages Of One Day A Week Quotations. 1905-1939 Prices Were Checked With Annual Reports Of The American Iron And Steel Institute (Aisi). Discrepencies Were Checked Against Weekly Figures In Iron Age. The Price For June, 1898, Was The "Lowest Price Ever Recorded" According To The 1914 Annual Report Of The Aisi, P.99. Source: Iron Age, January Review Issues, 1919, 1927, 1940, And The Following Monthly Issues. This NBER data series m04160 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04160

NBER Used A Linear Interpolation To Estimate Quarterly Figures When Data Were Given Semi-Annually. Source: Fairplay: Weekly Shipping Journal, January 14, 1937, P. 92, For 1900 On; 1898-99 Read From Chart In Same Source. This NBER data series q02140 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: q02140

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1899-1939 (2)--Original Data, 1932-1965. Beginning In 1933, Coverage Includes Open-Hearth, Bessemer, Crucible, And Electric Ingots. Annual Totals Were Checked With The 1938 Statistical Report Of The American Iron And Steel Institute. For 1933-October 1939, Monthly Production Was Divided By The Number Of Working Days Per Month. Figures For November And December 1939 Were Converted From Net To Gross Tons, Then Divided By The Number Of Working Days. Source: Iron Age, January 4, 1934; July 12, 1934; January 4, 1940; May 9, 1940. This NBER data series m01135a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01135a

Quotations Are Averages Of Weekly Prices. Data Were Not Available For January-March, 1903 And 1914 Data For July, 1921-1935 Were Computed By NBER By Converting Published Data In Centimes Per 1 Kilogram To Francs Per 2 Kilograms. Source: La Reforme Economique, January, 1900 And Succeeding Issues For 1899-June, 1920 Data; Bulletin De La Statistique Generale, Vol. 15 And Following Issues For July, 1921-1935 Data. This NBER data series m04023 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04023

This Series Is Concluded With The February, 1938 Issue Of Dun'S Review; November, 1937 Is The Last Available Datum (See January, 1938 Issue, P.33). Quarterly Figures Are First Of Quarter Data. Source: Bradstreet'S, January 15, 1910 (P.42); January, 15, 1916 (P.40); May, 5, 1923, (P.297); June 4, 1927 (P.377) And Succeeding Series. Dun And Bradstreet'S Monthly Review For April, 1933-December, 1936; Dun'S Review For 1937. This NBER data series m04049 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04049

Source: American Telephone And Telegraph Company, Confidential Report Of October 20, 1932, "Index Of Industrial Activity In The U.S., " For Data Through July, 1932; Thereafter Data Furnished By The Statistical Division Of The American Telephone And Telegraph Company. This NBER data series m12001 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 12 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter12.html. NBER Indicator: m12001

This Series Has Been Adjusted For Trend. 1899-1934 Data Have Also Been Computed By NBER, Based On 100, Plus Or Minus The Percentage Of Deviations From Normal. Source: For 1899-1932 Data, See American Telephone And Telegraph Company, Report Of October 20, 1932, "Index Of Industrial Activity In The United States;" 1933-1938 Data Are From A.T. And T., Monthly Issues Of Current Business Conditions In The United States This NBER data series m12002 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 12 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter12.html. NBER Indicator: m12002

The Months Of January And June 1946, October And November 1949, June-August 1952, And July-September, 1956 Have Been Revised To Modify The Effects Of Various Steel Strikes. As Pointed Out By The Source, Steel Fabrication Continues During Strikes From Inventories In The Hands Of Fabricators. Since Ingot Steel Production Represents Steel Activity In This Index, The Effect Of Strikes Is Overstated And Therefore The Federal Reserve Index Of Metal Fabricating Was Used For Those Months In Which Steel Ingot Production Does Not Adequately Represent Steel Industry Activity. Source: American Telephone And Telegraph Company, "Index Of Industrial Activity, " Unpublished Pamphlet Issued By The Chief Statistician'S Division, Att, July, 1955 For Data Through July, 1955; Thereafter See Summary Of Business Conditions. The January 1957 Issue Contains Scattered Revisions. This NBER data series m12001a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 12 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter12.html. NBER Indicator: m12001a

The Series Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Original Data, 1868-1900; (2) Original Data, 1899-1944. The Data Represent Estimated Cost Of Buildings As Indicated On Building Plans Filed. No Adjustment Is Made For Plans Later Withdrawn Or Disapproved. Only New Buildings Are Included In This Series; Data On Additions And Alterations Are Available From The Same Sources. Types Of Building Included Are Residential, Commercial, Industrial, Municipal, Educational, Religious, And Institutional. The Building Plans Data Differ From Building Permit Data In That They Include Value Of Building Plans For Which Permits Are Never Issued, And Therefore Cover Some Proposed Constructon That Does Not Materialize. Data For The First Segments Of The Series (1868-1900) Include Manhattan And Such Portions Of The Bronx As Were From Time To Time Annexed. The 1899-1944 Segments Cover Manhattan Only. For Further Details See Lipsey And Preston, P. 248. Source: New York City Record (Official Daily Journal Of New York City Record Office);"Real Estate Record And Builders' Guide" (F. W. Dodge Corp.); And"Annual Reports, " Building Department, Borough Of Manhattan, And Depart- Ment Of Housing And Buildings New York City. This NBER data series m02045b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: m02045b

Series Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Original Data, Blank-Bls, 1900-59; (2) Original Data, Census, 1959-63. For Informaton On Content And Estimation Procedures, See Introductory Notes On Blank-Bls-Census Housing Start Data. Source: 1900-1919: Bls, "Volume Of Residential Con- Struction." 1920-1939:"Nonfarm Housing Starts 1889-1958, " Bls Bulletin 1260, 1959. 1940- 1959: "Housing Statistics, Historical Supplement, June 1960, " Housing And Home Finance Agency. This NBER data series a02201a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02201a

Series Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Original Data, Blank-Bls, 1900-59; (2) Original Data, Census, 1959-63. For Informaton On Content And Estimation Procedures, See Introductory Notes On Blank-Bls-Census Housing Start Data. Source: 1900-1919: Bls, "Volume Of Residential Constructon." 1920-1939:"Nonfarm Housing Starts 1889-1958, " Bls Bulletin 1260, 1959. 1940- 1959: "Housing Statistics, Historical Supplement, June 1960, " Housing And Home Finance Agency. This NBER data series a02202a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02202a

For Definitions And Estimation Procedures See Introductory Notes On Blank-Bls-Census Data. Series 02203 Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Original Data, Blank-Bls, 1900-59; (2) Original Data, Census, 1959-63. Source: 1900-1919: Bls, "Volume Of Residential Con- Struction." 1920-1939: "Nonfarm Housing Starts 1889-1958, " Bls Bulletin 1260., 1959. 1940- 1959: "Housing And Home Finance Agency. This NBER data series a02203a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02203a

Source: Standard And Poor'S Corporation, Data For 1900-1928: Standard Statistics Co., Base Book; Standard Statistical Bulletin, January 1932, P. 125. Data For 1929-1967: Computed By NBER By Taking A Simple Average Of Four Series, All Based On Standard And Poor'S Data -- Series 13023 (Municipal Bonds); Series 13024 (Railroad Bonds); Series 13025 (Public Utilities); Series 13026 (Industrial Bonds). This NBER data series m13021 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13021

An Arithmetic Average Of The Yield To Maturity On Each Issue Is Based On The Mean Of Monthly High And Low Prices. Beginning January 3, 1929, The Average Yield Is Computed From Thursday'S Closing Prices, The Monthly Index Consisting Of An Average Of The Four Or Five Weekly Indexes For The Month. Beginning April 30, 1930, Wednesday'S Closing Prices Are Used And The Average For The Month Is Taken As Before. Source: Standard And Poor'S Corporation, Data For 1900-1940: "Long Term Security Price Index Record (Through December 31, 1940)", Pp. 137-138. Data For 1941-1942: "Security Price Index Record: 1941 & 1942", P. 16. Data For 1943-1951: "Security Price Index Record", 1952 Edition, P. 175 (Also See 1957 Edition And 1959 Supplement To 1957 Edition). Data For 1952-1967: Current Statistics, July 1952, And Following Monthly Issues. This NBER data series m13023 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13023

Data For 1900-1928 Are Based Upon The Mean Of The Monthly High And Low Price Of Five High Grade Bonds. Data For 1929-1937 Are Based Upon A Varying Group Of A1+ Bonds, One Price Monthly Being Used. Data Beginning April 1937 Are Based On The Average Of The Four Or Five Weekly A1+ Indexes. The Yield To Maturity Has Been Used. Missing Data For August-October 1914 Is Due To The Stock Exchange Closing. Source: Standard And Poor'S, Data For 1900-1946: "Long Term Security Price Index Record (Through December 31, 1940)", P. 128;"Security Price Record: 1941 And 1943", P. 13;"Current Statistics Combined With Basic Statistics", 1944-1946. Data For 1947: "Statistics: Security Price Index Record", 1948 Edition, P. 134. Data For 1948-1950: "Current Statistics Combined With Basic Statistics", January Issues Of 1949-1950. Data For 1951-1963: "Current Statistics", February 1952 And Successive Issues. This NBER data series m13024 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13024

Data For 1900-1928 Are Based Upon The Mean Of The Monthly High And Low Price Of Five High Grade Bonds. Data For 1929-1937 Are Based Upon A Varying Group Of A1+ Bonds, One Price Monthly Being Used. Data Beginning April 1937 Are Based On The Average Of The Four Or Five Weekly A1+ Indexes. The Yield To Maturity Has Been Used. Missing Data For August-October 1914 Is Due To The Stock Exchange Closing. Source: Standard And Poor'S, Data For 1900-1946: "Long Term Security Price Index Record (Through December 31, 1940)", P. 128;"Security Price Record: 1941 And 1943", P. 13;"Current Statistics Combined With Basic Statistics", 1944-1946. Data For 1947: "Statistics: Security Price Index Record", 1948 Edition, P. 134. Data For 1948-1950: "Current Statistics Combined With Basic Statistics", January Issues Of 1949-1950. Data For 1951-1963: "Current Statistics", February 1952 And Successive Issues. This NBER data series m13025 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13025

From January 1900-December 1928, These Indexes Are Based Upon The Mean Of The Monthly High-Low Price Of Forty-Five High Grade Corporate Bonds. From January 1929-March 1937 The Indexes Have Been Based Upon A Varying Group Of Aaa Bonds, One Price Monthly (First Of Month) Being Used. Beginning April 1937 To Date The Average Is Of The Four Or Five Weekly Aaa Indexes. The Lack Of Data For August-November 1914 Is Due To The Stock Exchange Being Closed. Source: Standard And Poor'S, Data For 1900-1942: Security Price Index Record. Data For 1943-1972: Current Statistics Combined With Basic Statistics; Also Trade And Securities. This NBER data series m13026 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13026

Two Out Of Three Months Used In Computing Trough. Source: The Volume Of Corporate Bond Financing Since 1900, W. Braddock Hickman, A Study By The National Bureau Of Economic Research, Princeton University Press, 1953, Pp. 324-325, Appendix A, Table A-15. This NBER data series m10071 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10071

Source: W. Braddock Hickman, "The Volume Of Corporate Bond Financing Since 1900, " (NBER), Table A16, P. 332 Ff. This NBER data series m10075 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10075

Source: The Volume Of Corporate Financing Since 1900 (NBER), W. Braddock Hickman, 1953, Pp. 316-317 This NBER data series m10079 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10079

Source: The Volume Of Corporate Bond Financing Since 1900 (NBER), W. Braddock Hickman, 1953, Pp. 308-309, Appendix A, Table A-13 This NBER data series m10083 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10083