Federal Reserve Economic Data

Data Are Computed By NBER From Total Pig Iron Production Less Pig Iron Produced By Steel Mills. Source: Iron Age, Successive Monthly Issues This NBER data series m01131b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01131b

Source: For 1903-July 1927 Data: Statistisches Reichsamt, Reichs-Arbeitsblatt; For 1924-1930 Data: Jahr Und Handbuch Dis Deutschen Metallarbeiter Veibandes. This NBER data series q08021 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: q08021

Series Is Presented Here As Eight Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1860-1888 (2)--Original Data, 1888-1897 (3)--Original Data, 1897-1904 (4)--Original, 1904-1919 (5)--Original, 1918-1924 (6)--Original, 1924-1931 (7)--Original, 1931-1936 (8)--Original, 1936-1949 Data Cover Eleven States For 1904-1918: Maine, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, Illinois, Florida, And Texas. For 1919 Twelve States Are Covered, Delaware Added. Source: Evans, "Business Incorporations In The United States, 1800-1943" (NBER) This NBER data series m10035d appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10035d

Series Has Been Subdivided Into Two Variables: (1)-- Original Data, 1879-1905; (2)-- Original Data, 1904-1935. Data Refers To The Following Types Of Copper -- 1879-1905: Mansfeld Copper, Berlin; 1904-1914: Electrolyte I, American, Berlin; 1919-1935: Electrolyte, Wirehare, Berlin. 8/1923 Conversion From Paper To Gold Marks. Source: 1879-1891:"Monatshefte Zur Statistik Des Deutschen Reich", Except 06/1887-02/1888: Otto Schmitz, "Beruegnung Der Warenpreise"; 1892-1919, 1924- 1934:"Vierteljahishefte Zur Statistik"; 1920-1923, 1935:"Wirtschaft Und Statistik." This NBER data series m04016b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04016b

Series Is Presented Here As Six Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1904-1913 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1920, (3)--Original Data, 1924-1929 (4)--Original Data, 1924-1929 (5)--Original Data, 1928-1934 (6)--Original Data, 1928-1934. The Six Variables In This Series Are Broken Down As Follows: 1904-1913 Data Are On A December 31, 1904 Base Of 100. 1914-1920 Data Are On A Base Of May 31, 1914=100. The Data For 1924-1929 Were Converted By NBER To A Base Of 1928=100 From An Original Index Based On December 31, 1924=100. The 1924-1929 Data Are Also Presented As Based On The Original December Date. The 1928-1934 Data Are Presented As Originally Given, In Millions Of Members. However, The NBER Has Also Converted That Original Data To An Index Based On 1928=100. Data Are Based On End Of Month Figures And Are For Industrial Workers. Source: Computed From Data In Reichsarbeitsblatt This NBER data series m08023a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08023a

Series Is Presented Here As Six Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1873-1885 (2)--Original Data, 1884-1889 (3)--Original, 1888-1905 (4)--Original, 1904-1928 (5)--Original, 1927-1954 (6)--Original, 1953-1956. Beginning In 1911, Data Was Given Direct From Source, And Thus Computation Was Not Necessary. Area Covered - U.S.- Excluding San Francisco. Source: Bradstreet'S This NBER data series m05001d appears on the NBER website in Chapter 5 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter05.html. NBER Indicator: m05001d

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)-- Original Data, 1904-1949 (2)--Original Data, 1938-1959. Source: Furnished Direct By Business Statistics Organization, Inc. (Formerly Babson Statistical Organization) This NBER data series m04189a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04189a

All Figures Are As Of December 31. The Figure For 1944 Has Been Estimated. Source: U.S. Bureau Of Public Roads, Data For 1904-1939: National Automobile Chamber Of Commerce, "Facts And Figures Of The Automobile Industry", 1933, P. 10; 1939, P. 16; 1943, P. 48. Data For 1940-1944: Public Roads Administration, "Comparison Of Motor Vehicle Registrations, 1940-1944". This NBER data series a01145 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01145

Data For October 1918 On Exclude Alsace-Lorraine; Data For July 1922 On Exclude The Saarland And Other Surrendered Territories. Source: Statistisches Reichsamt, Vierteljahreshefte Zur Statistik Des Reichs, 1906, Pp. 44-45; 1907, Ii, P. 244; 1908, Ii, P. 209; Successive Issues. This NBER data series m01040 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01040

Data Are For Cows Slaughtered Under Federal Inspection. Data Beginning October 1918 Exclude Alsace-Lorraine. Data Beginning July 1922 Exclude The Saar And Other Surrendered Territory. Source: Data For 1904-1914, 1919-1935: Vierteljahrshefte Zur Statistik Des Deutsches Reiches, 1906, Iii, Pp. 32-33; 1907, Ii, P. 233; 1908, Ii, P. 197; And Successive Issues Thereafter. Data For 1915-1918: Vierteljahrshefte Zur Statistik, Erganzungshefte 1916-1918, Pp. 51-81. This NBER data series m01044 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01044

Data Are For Federally Inspected Calves Under Three Months Old. Data For October 1918 On Exclude Alsace-Lorraine; For July 1922 On Exclude The Saar And Other Surrendered Territory. Data For 1935 Include Uninspected Calves From Bavaria, And Saar. Source: Data For 1904-1915, 1919-1937: Vierteljahrshefte Zur Statistik Des Deutsches Reichs, 1906, Iii, Pp. 40-41; 1907, Ii, P. 241, 1908, Ii, P. 205; Successive Issues. Data For 1916-1918: Vierteljahrshefte Zur Statistik, Erganzungshefte 1916-1918, Pp. 51-81. This NBER data series m01045 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01045

Data For Sheep Slaughtered Under Federal Inspection. Beginning October 1918, Alsace-Lorraine Figures Omitted. Beginning July 1922, Saar And Other Surrendered Territories Omitted. Source: Vierteljahrahefte Zur Statistik Des Deutsche Reichs. This NBER data series m01048 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01048

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1905-1913 (2)--Original Data, 1909-1926. (3)--Original Data, 1924-1935. Source: E. Wagemann, Konjunkturlehre, P. 236 This NBER data series m03006a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: m03006a

Figures Refer To The Primary Zinc On Hand At Primary Reduction Plants (Plants Refining Primary Ore.) Data Also Include Stocks At Secondary Distilling Plants. Source: U.S. Bureau Of Mines, Mineral Resource And Minerals Yearbook This NBER data series a05087 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 5 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter05.html. NBER Indicator: a05087

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1850-1919 (2)--Original Data, 1905-1958. Two Major And Various Wildcat Strikes Took Place During 1946, Causing Big Production Losses. Source: Data For 1905-1922: U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources Of The U.S., 1922, Part Ii, Pp. 464-465; Data For 1923-1931: Bureau Of Mines, Successive Annual Numbers Of Mineral Resources; Data For 1932-1950: Bureau Of The Mines, Minerals Yearbook, Successive Issues And Reprints; Data For 1951-1952 Data For 1951-1958: Survey Of Current Business, And Bureau Of The Mines, Weekly Coal Report; Data For 1953-1954: Also See Mineral Market Summary, Bituminous Coal And Lignite In 1954, No. 2602, March 1, 1954. This NBER data series m01118 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01118

Certain Latest Revisions Were Taken From Survey Of Current Business. Minor Revisions In The 1946 Figures Have Been Disregarded. January- July 1952 Figures Were Furnished By The Survey Of Current Business, January 28, 1954. Figures From 1954-1956 Are Subject To Revision. Source: 1905-June 1914: Commerce And Finance, Monthly Summary, July 1906 And Successive Issues; July 1914-1941: Foreign Commerce, Monthly Summary (Part 2 After After March 1921); 1942 And Thereafter: Survey Of Current Business. This NBER data series m07001 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07001

Minor Revisions In The 1946 Figures Have Been Disregarded. Figures For 1947 Have Been Derived By Adding Army Civilian Supply Exports (From 1948 Ft930 Summary Reports, Monthly) To U.S. Commercial Exports For 1947, Obtained Directly From The Foreign Trade Divisions, Bureau Of The Census. See Letter Of March 11, 1954. For 1948 And Following Years, Such Exports Are Included By Source. Source: July, 1914-1941, Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Of The United States; Survey Of Current Business, Statistical Supplements And Current Monthly Issues Thereafter. This NBER data series m07002 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07002

Minor Revisions In 1946 Figures Have Been Disregarded. See Footnote-6/56 "Effective January 1956 Classifications Are Based On Schedule G And Are Not Entirely Comparable With Those For Prior Years." Source: July 1905-June 1914, Monthly Summary Of Commerce & Finance. July 1914-1941, Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce (Part Ii After March 1921); 1942 And Following Years, Survey Of Current Business. The Latest Revision For 1939 Data Was Taken From April 1941, Survey Of Current Business. This NBER data series m07003 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07003

Certain Latest Revisions Taken From Survey Of Current Business. "Minor Revisions" In 1946 Figures Have Been Disregarded. Figures For 1947 Have Been Derived By Adding Army Civilian Supply Exports (From 1948 Ft930 Summary Reports, Monthly) To U.S. Commercial Exports For 1947, Obtained Directly From The Foreign Trade Division, Bureau Of The Census. From 1948 Such Exports Are Included By Source. From July 1950, Data For Semi-Manufactures Do Not Cover Certain Commodities Reported Under Special Category Type I Classifications Which Cover Commodities For Which Data Are Not Shown Separately On Account Of Security Restrictions. No Information Pertaining To The Extent Of Such Exclusions Is Available (Letter Of March 11, 1954 By The Foreign Trade Divisions Of The U.S. Bureau Of The Census). Figures For Semi-Manufactures That Are Excluded From This Group Have Been Included In Those For Finished Manufactures. Source: Monthly Summary Of Commerce And Finance, July 1906-June 1914; Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Of The U.S., July 1914-1941; Survey Of Current Business, Statistical Supplements And Current Issues, Thereafter. This NBER data series m07004 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07004

1939 Latest Revision Taken From Survey Of Current Business, April, 1941."Minor Revisions" In 1946 Figures Have Been Disregarded. July 1950 And Following Years: Data For Finished Manufactures Include Certain Semi-Manufactures Reported Under Special Category Type I Classifications Which Cover Commodities For Which Data Are Not Shown Separately On Account Of Security Restrictions. No Information Pertaining To The Extent Of Such Inclusions Is Available (Letter Of March 11, 1954 By The Foreign Trade Division, U.S. Bureau Of The Census). Source: July 1905-June 1914, Monthly Summary Of Commerce And Finance; July 1914-1941, Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce; (Part Ii After May, 1921); 1942 And Following Years, Survey Of Current Business. This NBER data series m07005 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07005

Imports For Consumption Hereon After 1933. "General Imports" Are Merchandise Entered For Immediate Consumption Plus Merchandise Entered For Storage In Bonded Warehouses. "Imports For Consumption" Are Merchandise Entered For Immediate Consumption Plus Merchandise Withdrawn From Bonded Warehouses. For February, 1955 See April, 1956 Survey Of Current Business Data Given For Million Dollars Rounded To 1 Decimal Place - This Is The Preceding Month'S Issue, 169.29. Source: July, 1905-June, 1914: Monthly Summary Of Commerce And Finance; July, 1914 And Following Years: Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Through April, 1951; Survey Of Current Business Thereafter. After April, 1951 The Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Changed Into A Quarterly Publication; These Data Are No Longer Shown Monthly; Survey Of Current Business Figures Cross-Checked With U.S. Foreign Trade Summary Report Ft930 (U.S. Bureau Of The Census). Latest Revisions From Survey Of Current Business Supplement. January To July, 1952 Data Are From The Bureau Of The Census By Letter Dated January 1, 1954. This NBER data series m07012 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07012

After April, 1951, Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Changed Into A Quarterly Publication; These Data Are No Longer Shown As Monthly. Survey Of Current Business Used As Source And Cross-Checked Against U.S. Foreign Trade Summary Report Ft930 (U.S. Bureau Of The Census). Latest Revisions Are Taken From The Survey Of Current Business Supplement. Beginning In 1934, Data Is For Imports For Consumption Only; Prior To This The Figures Were For General Imports. Besides Imports For Immediate Consumption, Merchandise Entered For Storage In Bonded Warehouses Is Covered In General Imports, While Merchandise Withdrawn From Bonded Warehouses Is Covered In Imports For Consumption. Figures For 1954 Are Subject To Revision. February, 1955 Data Is Estimated From The Latest Cumulative Total In The Quarterly Summary (January-December, 195, Published June, 1956 And Revised Monthly Figures As Shown In Survey Of Current Business, April, 1956 And The Following Issues; January, 1955 Is Left Unchanged. All Figures Are Subject To Further Revision. Source: July 1905-June 1914, Monthly Summary Of Commerce And Finance, July, 1906, P. 6 And Following Issues, July, 1914-April, 1951, Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce, (Part Ii After March, 1921). Some Revised Figures Were Taken From The Survey Of Current Business. This NBER data series m07013 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07013

U.S. Department Of Commerce And Labor, Bureau Of Statistics (July, 1905-June, 1912) And U.S. Department Of Commerce, Bureau Of Foreign And Domestic Commerce (July, 1912-March, 1941); Bureau Of The Census Thereafter. Imports For October, 1922 Include Approximately 69.00 From September 22-30 Under The Tariff Law Of 1922. Beginning January, 1934, The Series Is Called Imports For Consumption Instead Of General Imports. General Imports Are Defined As Merchandise Entered For Immediate Consumption Plus Merchandise Entered For Storage In Bonded Warehouses. Imports For Consumption Are Defined As Merchandise Entered For Immediate Consumption Plus Merchandise Withdrawn From Bonded Warehouses For Consumption. For The Years 1942-1946 The Figures Were Furnished By The Survey Of Current Business, Current Business Analysis Division, With A Letter Of January 28, 1954. They Include Revisions Due To The Revaluation Of Tin Ore That Have Not Been Published. After 1946, Figures Are Taked From Survey Of Current Business, And Checked Whenever Possible With Monthly And Quarterly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Totals. Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Becomes Quarterly After The April, 1951 Issue, But Earlier Monthly Issues Do Not Show Revised Back Data. In Survey Of Current Business April, 1956 The Data Are Given As Millions Of Dollars. They Are Obtained By Subtraction From Quarterly Figure In Quarterly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Beginning In February, 1955. Source: Monthly Summary Of Commerce And Finance (July, 1905-June, 1914); Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce (July, 1914 - April, 1951) And Survey Of Current Business. Changed To Quarterly Summary, April, 1951 Through 1956. Survey Of Current Business, Statistical Supplements For 1951 And 1953, And Monthly Issues, Except For Revised Figures Obtained From Survey Of Current Business Direct. This NBER data series m07014 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07014

Monthly Summary Becomes Quarterly Summary After The April, 1951 Issue. Before That Date Monthly Issues Do Not Show Revised Back Data And Survey Of Current Business And Certain Ft Reports Are Used As Alternative Sources. 1905-1933 Data Are For General Imports; 1934-1956 Data Are For Imports For Consumption. "General Imports" Means Merchandise Entered For Immediate Consumption Plus Merchandise Entered For Storage In Bonded Warehouses. "Imports For Consumption" Means Merchandise Entered For Immediate Consumption Plus Merchandise Withdrawn From Bonded Warehouses For Consumption. The Published Total Of $677,505,000 For 1943 Includes Certain Revisions That Cannot Be Allotted To Individual Months. The Difference Between This Total And The Sum Of Twelve Monthly Figures Is Less Than $300,000. The Figures For 1954-1956 Are Subject To Revision. Source: Monthly Summary Of Commerce And Finance, July, 1905-June, 1914; Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Of The U.S., July, 1914-April, 1951; Survey Of Current Business, Thereafter. This NBER data series m07015 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07015

Monthly Summary Becomes Quarterly Summary After April, 1951 Issue. Also, Before That Data Monthly Issues Do Not Show Revised Back Data, And Certain Ft Reports And The Survey Of Current Business Are Used As Alternative Sources. 1905-1933 Data Are For General Imports Only And 1934-1956 Data Are Imports For Consumption Only. October, 1922 Data Includes Approximately $69,000 From September 22-30 Under The Tariff Law Of 1922. "General Imports" Are Merchandise Entered For Immediate Consumption Plus Merchandise Entered For Storage In Bonded Warehouses. "Imports For Consumption" Are Merchandise Entered For Immediate Consumption Plus Merchandise Withdrawn From Bonded Warehouses For Consumption. 1954, 1955 And 1956 Figures Are Subject To Revision. Twelve-Month Total Compared With Annual Summary For 1949-1955 In"Total Export And Import Trade Of The U.S., January-December, 1955, And Comparisons With 1949-1954", Published As Part 3, No. 56-13 Of World Trade Information Service: Statistical Reports, March 1956 (U.S. Bureau Of The Census). Except For Small Discrepancy In 1954, Figures Agree Throughout. No Other Method Of Checking Is Possible. Source: Monthly Summary Of Commerce And Finance, July, 1905-June, 1914; Monthly Summary Of Foreign Commerce Of The U.S., July, 1914-April, 1951; Survey Of Current Business Thereafter. This NBER data series m07016 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: m07016

Primary Data (From The Yearbook Of The American Bureau Of Metal Statistics) Exclude Canadian Plants; Add Allowances For Two Plants At Ajo And Inspiration, Arizona For Years Prior To 1928; Deduct The New El Paso Plant From The Published Total For 1929 As It Did Not Begin Operation Until May 1930. For The Year 1906-1911 The Data Were Compiled From "Engineering And Mining Journal." The Changes In Reported Plant Capacities As Of The End Of 1940 Reflect Recalculations Rather Than Any Changes In Physical Plant. This May Also Hold True In Respect To Prior Years (See Yearbook Of The American Bureau Of Business Statistics, 1941-1944 Issues). Data For 1943-1946 Include Electrolyc Refining Capacity Plus Lake Superior And Fire-Refined. The Year Ends On December 31. Source: U.S. Bureau Of The Census, "Historical Statistics Of The United States, To 1970", Pp. 697-698 (Also See "America'S Capacity To Produce (Brookings), P. 557; Yearbook Of The American Bureau Of Metal Statistics). This NBER data series a01167 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01167

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1885-1903 (2)--Original Data, 1906-1926 (3)--Original Data, 1925-1942. Data Until 1909 Include Bank Dividends. Data For 1909-1926 Exclude Bank Dividends And Are The Sum Of Industrial Corporations And Railroad And Traction Companies Which Was Computed By NBER. Source: U.S. Department Of Commerce, Journal Of Commerce, 1906-1942. This NBER data series m08079b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08079b

Until 1974, fiduciary business could be recorded on the balance sheet; thereafter, it had to be entered as an off-balance-sheet item. As of 1981, precious metal accounts are included in the balance sheet. As of 1992, including non-monetary balance sheet claims and liabilities from lending. As of 1995, transactions in financial derivatives must be recorded in gross terms, resulting in a significant increase in total assets. As of 1998, including non-monetary balance sheet claims and liabilities from repo transactions. As of 2000, the majority of banks have again taken non-monetary claims and liabilities from lending and repo transactions off the balance sheet. For the Raiffeisen banks, data prior to 1919 was reported retrospectively.

Until 1974, fiduciary business could be recorded on the balance sheet; thereafter, it had to be entered as an off-balance-sheet item. As of 1981, precious metal accounts are included in the balance sheet. As of 1992, including non-monetary balance sheet claims and liabilities from lending. As of 1995, transactions in financial derivatives must be recorded in gross terms, resulting in a significant increase in total assets. As of 1998, including non-monetary balance sheet claims and liabilities from repo transactions. As of 2000, the majority of banks have again taken non-monetary claims and liabilities from lending and repo transactions off the balance sheet. In 1913, certain data which the individual banks had reported in previous years was aggregated due to the creation of new bank categories. Subsequently, this data was recorded in the aggregated form. Consequently, figures are available for big banks as far back as 1906.(Cf. table A1 in the commentary section. http://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/reference/histz_snb_book/source). As of 2003, one big bank uses netting, resulting in a marked decrease in its total assets. In 2004, two big banks switched to US GAAP, resulting in an appreciable increase in their total assets.

Until 1974, fiduciary business could be recorded on the balance sheet; thereafter, it had to be entered as an off-balance-sheet item. As of 1981, precious metal accounts are included in the balance sheet. As of 1992, including non-monetary balance sheet claims and liabilities from lending. As of 1995, transactions in financial derivatives must be recorded in gross terms, resulting in a significant increase in total assets. As of 1998, including non-monetary balance sheet claims and liabilities from repo transactions. As of 2000, the majority of banks have again taken non-monetary claims and liabilities from lending and repo transactions off the balance sheet.

Aggregation of Total Balance Sheet Items for Cantonal Banks, Regional and Savings Banks, Raiffeisen Banks, and Other Banks in Switzerland. Until 1974, fiduciary business could be recorded on the balance sheet; thereafter, it had to be entered as an off-balance-sheet item. As of 1981, precious metal accounts are included in the balance sheet. As of 1992, including non-monetary balance sheet claims and liabilities from lending. As of 1995, transactions in financial derivatives must be recorded in gross terms, resulting in a significant increase in total assets. As of 1998, including non-monetary balance sheet claims and liabilities from repo transactions. As of 2000, the majority of banks have again taken non-monetary claims and liabilities from lending and repo transactions off the balance sheet.

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)-- Original Data, 1906-1930 (2)--Original Data, 1923-1948 (3)-- Original Data 1947-1954 (4)--Original Data, 1954-1956. 1906-1918 Compiled By C.E. Lesher, F.G. Tryon, And W.F. Mckenney Of The Geological Survey; 1919-1930 Published Currently By Coal Age (See Also Coal Age, January 1930, P. 58). This Series Ends Because Of Discontinuance Of The Coal Age Average Of Spot Prices In September, 1931. Mineral Resources, 1931, Ii, P. 440. Government Control Of The Coal Industry Was Assured By Congress By The Food And Fuel Control Act (Known As The Lever Act), Approved By The President On August 10, 1917 And On August 21, 1917, Fixed Bituminous Prices For Coal Were Announced. "The General Principles Governing The Prices In Normal Times ...Continued To Operate Through 1916 And Until The Middle Of 1917, Although In The Latter Part Of This Period Conditions Were Far From Normal. A Tremendous Increase In Demand, Which Began In The Last Quarter Of 1916 And Extended Through 1918 Until The Armistice Was Declared In November, Brought Forth An Increase In Production To A Point Where The Limit Of Railroad Capacity Was Temporarily Reached With The Demand Still Unsatisfied. Because The Demand Could Not Be Fully Satisfied, Prices In The Fall Of 1916 And In 1917 Rose To Almost Unheard Of Figures, Until First Voluntary And Then Later Government Control Was Exercised." "Prices Of Coal And Coke" (War Industries Board) P. 18. Source: Mineral Resources, 1923, P Ii, P. 621; 1930, P Ii, Pp 649-650. This NBER data series m04190a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04190a

Data For 1906-1914 Cover Crop Year Ending August 31. Beginning 1915 The Crop Year Ended July 31. Data For 1906-1944 Include Cotton Spindles Consuming Cotton Only; Data For 1045-1961 Include Spindles Uses On Synthetics And Other Fibers And Blends. Data Include Both Cotton States And Non-Cotton States. Data For 1906-1930 Have Been Checked With Nourse, America'S Capacity To Produce, P. 575. Source: Bureau Of The Census Bulletin #170, 175, 179, 198, Cotton Production And Distribution. This NBER data series a01159 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01159

See Also Series For "Stocks" And "Total Bonds, Notes, And Stocks." The "Total" Series Was Taken From The Original Source, Journal Of Commerce. The "Bonds And Notes" And "Stocks" Series Taken From Ayre'S Were Summed And Checked Against The "Total" Series. Where Discrepancies Occurred Recourse Was Made To The Journal Of Commerce For The Correct Figures. For 1906 No Such Check Could Be Made Because Of Unavailability Of Source And The Sum Does Not Equal The "Total." For Inclusions, See "Total" Series. Source: Journal Of Commerce And L.P. Ayres, Turning Points In Business Cycles, Pp. 192-201. This NBER data series m10028 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10028

See Also The Series For "Bonds And Notes" And "Total Bonds, Notes And Stocks." The "Total" Series Was Taken From The Original Source, The Journal Of Commerce. The "Stocks" And "Bonds And Notes" Series Taken From Ayre'S Were Summed And Checked Against The "Total" Series. Where Discrepancies Occurred, Recourse Was Made To The Journal Of Commerce For The Correct Figures. For 1906, No Such Check Could Be Made Because Of The Unavailability Of Source And The Sum Does Not Equal The "Total." For Inclusions, See The "Total" Series. Source: L.P. Ayres, Turning Points In Business Cycles, Pp. 192-201, And The Journal Of Commerce. This NBER data series m10029 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10029

Data Have Been Checked With Those In L.P. Ayres, Turning Points In Business Cycles, (New York, 1939), Pp. 192-201. Discrepancies Were Checked By Summing Individual Items,"Railroad," "Industrial," Etc., From The Journal Of Commerce. Data Do Not Cover Issues Of Banks, Trust Or Insurance Companies, Federal Or State Governments Or Municipalities Or Real Estate Bonds. Included Are "Railroad," "Industrial," "Public Utility," "Financial," And "Farm Loan Bonds". Data Could Be Compiled Through 1945, But 1941-1945 Data Are Not Reliable. Source: Journal Of Commerce, Second And Third Issues Of Each January, 1907 Onwards. This NBER data series m10006 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10006

Prices Are For Unsilvered, 3-5 Square Feet Glazing Area, Price, F.O.B. New York. 1906-1917 Data Are First Of Month Prices, 1918-1931 Data Are Daily Averages, 1932-1941 Are Averages Of Tuesday Quotations. Source: Bls Bulletins This NBER data series m04131 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04131

Data Refer To End Of The Month Figures For Male And Female Trade Union Members. Source: Statistiches Reichsamt, Reichsarbeitsblatt This NBER data series m08020 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08020

Source: For 1903-July 1927 Data: Statistisches Reichsamt, Reichs-Arbeitsblatt; For 1924-1930 Data: Jahr Und Handbuch Dis Deutschen Metallarbeiter Veibandes. This NBER data series m08021 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08021

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1836-1918 (2)--Original Data, 1907-1934. Source: Data For 1907-1918: Statistik Des Deutshes Reichs, Band 350, Pp. 140-141. Data For 1919-1928: U.S. Beet Sugar Association, Concerning Sugar, P. L2. Data For 1929-1934: Statistiches Jahrbuch Fur Das Dentsche Reich. This NBER data series a01024b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01024b

Data For 1907-1919 And 1924-1927 Were Computed By The Formula: Nominal Cash Capital/Total Nominal Capital Multiplied By Total Capital At The Rate Of Issue For New Capital Of Both New And Existing Corporations. Data For 1927-1935 Were Derived By The Simpler Addition Of Cash Capital Of Both New And Existing Corporations. For May 1931: The Electric Company Of Berlin, A New Stock Company, Accounted For 195 Million Marks Of The Month'S Total (Raw,259.8). Source: Computed By NBER From Data In Vierteljahreshefte Zur Statistik Des Reutschen Reichs. This NBER data series m10024b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10024b

Source: U.S. Department Of Agriculture, Bureau Of Agricultural Economics; Livestock, Meats, And Wool Market Statistics, And Related Data, 1940, P. 31; Livestock Market News Statistics And Related Data, 1949; The Livestock And Meat Situation, 1951. This NBER data series m01042 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01042

Data For June 1934-February 1935, And August 1936 Include Calves Slaughtered For The Federal Surplus Relief Corporation. Source: U.S. Department Of Agriculture, Bureau Of Animal Industry, Data For 1907-1938: Yearbook Of The Department Of Agriculture, 1931, P. 836; 1932, P. 779. Data For 1939-1951: Bureau Of Agricultural Economics, Livestock, Meats, And Wool Market Statistics, And Related Data, 1938, P. 22; Production And Marketing Administration, Livestock Market News Statistics And Related Data, 1949; B.A.E., Livestock And Meat Situation, 1951. This NBER data series m01043 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01043

Data For 1934 Include Government Relief Slaughter. Beginning January 1947, Slaughter In Hawaii And Virgin Islands Has Been Excluded. Source: Usda, Livestock Market News, The Livestock And Meat Situation (Monthly Release), Livestock, Meats, And Wool Market Statistics. This NBER data series m01047 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01047

These Data Were Computed By NBER As Weighted Sums Of Seasonally Adjusted Values Of 4 NBER Series Reduced To Relatives On 1919-1921=100. Weights Used For 1907-1941 Are Cattle, 0.52; Calves, 0.06; Hogs, 0.33; Sheep And Lambs, 0.09. Weights Used For 1942-1952 Are Cattle, 0.583; Calves, 0.073; Hogs, 0.260; Sheep And Lambs, 0.084. Source: Agricultural Yearbook And Crops And Markets This NBER data series m01049 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: m01049

Data For 1907-1919 And 1924-1927 Were Computed By The Formula: Nominal Cash Capital/Total Nominal Capital Multiplied By Total Capital At The Rate Of Issue For New Capital Of Both New And Existing Corporations. Data For 1927-1935 Were Derived By The Simpler Addition Of Cash Capital Of Both New And Existing Corporations. For May 1931: The Electric Company Of Berlin, A New Stock Company, Accounted For 195 Million Marks Of The Month'S Total (Raw,259.8). Source: Computed By NBER From Data In Vierteljahreshefte Zur Statistik Des Reutschen Reichs. This NBER data series q10024a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: q10024a

Data For 1921-1922 Were Revised; Data For January-June 1923 Represent Par Value In Trillions Of Marks; Data For July-November 1923 Are In Billions Of Marks; Data Beginning In December 1923 Are In Gold Marks. Source: Statistisches Reichsamt, Vierteljahreshefte Zur Statistik Des Deutschen Reichs. This NBER data series m10025 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 10 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter10.html. NBER Indicator: m10025

Data In This Series Is Identical To Data In Series "Railroad Freight Ton-Miles, Revenue" For The Years 1907-1914 And 1916-1924. Data May Be Checked With The Following Interstate Commerce Commission Original Sources -- Data For 1918-1922: Statistics Of Railways, 1922; Data For 1920-1934: "Freight And Passenger Service Operating Statistics Of Class I Steam Railways In The United States," A Monthly Publication; Data For 1935-1942: "Freight Train Performance Of Class I Steam Railways In The United States," A Monthly Publication. However, Some Data Have Been Revised By The Scb And Therefore Will Not Always Agree With The Original Source. Source: Data For 1907-1914: American Railway Association, Proceedings, May 1914, Pp. 525Ff.; November 1914, P. 745; Data For 1916-1943: U.S. Department Of Commerce, Survey Of Current Business, December 1923, P. 52; Annual Supplements Of 1932, 1936, 1938, 1940; Following Monthly Issues This NBER data series m03001 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: m03001

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1946 (3)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1968. The Source Provides All Data Except For 1911-1946 Postal Savings Deposits And 1907-1946 Mutual Savings Banks Deposits. These Data Are From Unpublished NBER Files. Source: Friedman And Schwartz, A Monetary History Of The United States, 1867-1960, (NBER, 1963), Table A-1. This NBER data series m14173a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14173a

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1946 (3)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1966. Data Are The Sum Of Series (Adjusted Demand Deposits, Time Deposits, All Commercial Banks, Plus Currency Held By The Public) And (Deposits In Mutual Savings Banks And Postal Savings System). Source: Friedman And Schwartz, A Monetary History Of The United States, 1867-1960 (NBER, 1963). This NBER data series m14175a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14175a

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1946 (3)--Original Data, 1955-1969 (4)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1969. Data Are For The Wednesday Nearest The End Of The Month. Source: Data Are Computed By NBER From The Sum Of Series 14125 (Currency Held By The Public) And Series 14145 (Demand Deposits Adjusted And Time Deposits All Commericial Banks); See Friedman And Schwartz, Monetary Statistics Of The United States (NBER, 1970). This NBER data series m14144a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14144a

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1945 (3)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1946-1968. Data For June 1914 On Are The Sum Of Series (Time Deposits, All Commercial Banks) And Series (Demand Deposits Adjusted, All Commercial Banks). Source: Data For 1907-May 1914: Friedman And Schwartz, A Monetary History Of The United States, 1867-1960 (NBER, 1963), Table A-1. Data For June 1914-1945: Computed By NBER. This NBER data series m14145a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14145a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1960. Source: Friedman And Schwartz, A Monetary History Of The United States, 1867-1960 (NBER, 1963), Table A-3, Column 2, Pp. 749-765. This NBER data series m14170 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14170

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1875-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1958. Data Are For Wednesday Nearest The End Of The Month For 1907-1917, May 1921-1942, And 1947-1958; Currency Data Are For The Friday Nearest The End Of The Month For January 1918-June 1919 And Deposit Data Are For Wednesday Nearest The End Of The Month For The Same Period. Data For July 1919-April 1921 Are For The Friday Nearest The End Of Month. 1943-1946 Deposits Data Are For The Wednesday Nearest The End Of Month; 1943-1946 Currency Data Are For The End Of Month. Source: Computed By NBER From Series 14125 (Currency Held By The Public) Divided By Series 14144 (Adjusted Demand Deposits And Time Deposits. All Commercial Banks, Plus Currency Held By The Public); Both Seasonally Adjusted. This NBER data series m14178 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14178

Series 03008 Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1907-1930 (2)--Original Data, 1915-1917. Data Include All Car Requisitions Including Duplication, Therefore "Requisitions" Is Possibly A Better Term Than "Shortages". For Example A Shipper Might Request 25 Cars From Four Lines, However, Only Needing 25. This Data Would Show A 100 Car "Shortage" In This Example. The Railroads Included In These Reports Are The Same Throughout, Except That The Actual Number Of Roads Decreased Due To Consolidation From About 175 To 118. Data Throughout Are Comparable. Data For 1915 Are Based On End-Of-Month Figures. Data Are Converted To Middle-Of-Month By Taking Two Month Moving Averages. Source: Data For 1907-1917: American Railway Association, "Unfilled Car Requisitions", Bulletin No. 6, August 17, 1917; Quarterly Journal Of Economics, Vol. 33, P. 179. Data For 1918-1924: Ara Annual Bulletins. Data For 1920-1930: U.S. Department Of Commerce, Survey Of Current Business, May 1922, August 1924, December 1931. This NBER data series m03008a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: m03008a

Series Is Preseted Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1907-1917, (2)--Original Data, 1915-1944. The Railroads Included In These Data Are The Same Throughout, Except That The Actual Number Of Roads Decreased Due To Consolidations, From About 175 To 118. The Figures Throughout, However, Are Comparable. Data Are The Average Of Bi-Weekly Statistics. Source: American Railway Association, "Unfilled Car Requisitions", Bulletin No. 6, August 17, 1917; Quarterly Journal Of Economics, Vol. 33, P. 179. This NBER data series m03009a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: m03009a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted, 1907-1946 (3)--Original Data, 1947-1968 (4)--Seasonally Adjusted, 1947-1968. Data Represent Vault Cash Of All Banks Subtracted From Currency In Circulation Outside The Treasury And Federal Reserve Banks. Data Are For The Wednesday Nearest The End Of The Month. Source: Friedman And Schwartz, Monetary Statistics Of The United States (NBER, 1970), Table 27, Column 3, Pp. 402-415. This NBER data series m14125a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14125a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted, 1907-1942 (3)--Original Data, 1943-1971. Data Are For The Wednesday Nearest The End Of The Month. Source: Data For 1907-June 1919: Friedman And Schwartz, Monetary Statistics Of The United States (NBER, 1970), Table 27, Column 2, Pp. 402-415. Data For July 1919-1942: Computed By NBER By Summing Series 14185 (Vault Cash, Member Banks) And Series 14184 (Vault Cash, Nonmember Banks). This NBER data series m14126a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14126a

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1867-1906 (2)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1907-1946 (3)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1947-1967. Data Are For The Middle Of The Month. Source: Direct From NBER Files This NBER data series m14195a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14195a

These Data Were Computed By NBER By Dividing Net Revenue (NBER Series 09026), By The Traffic Unit Series. Source: Thor Hultgren, American Transportation In Prosperity And Depression, NBER, 1948, Chapter 3. This NBER data series m09049 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 9 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter09.html. NBER Indicator: m09049