Federal Reserve Economic Data

  • Millions of Bushels, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1815 to 1919 (2012-08-16)

    Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1815-1919 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1938 (3)--Original Data, 1933-1944. Data Published In Quintals. Converted To Bushels By NBER By Multiplying Quintals By 3.6744. Data For 1871 On Exclude Alsace-Lorraine. Data For 1914-1918 Exclude Invaded Territory. Source: Data For 1815-1869: Annuaire Statistique, 1946, 1947. Data For 1870-1881: Statistique De La France, Annual Volumes. Data For 1882-1919: Statistique Agricole Annuele. This NBER data series a01017a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01017a

  • Millions of Hectolitres, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1815 to 1881 (2012-08-16)

    Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1815-1881 (2)--Original Data, 1882-1919 (3)--Original Data, 1917-1938. Average Weight Per Hectolitre For Rye Is 70 To 73 Kilograms. Source: Annuaire Statistique, 1932, P. 57, 1937; Statistique Agricole Annuele; Bulletin De Statistique Generale. This NBER data series a01019a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01019a

  • Millions of Bushels (60 Pounds), Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1815 to 1919 (2012-08-16)

    Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1815-1919 (2)--Original Data, 1919-1938. Original Data Given In Quintals, Converted To Bushels By Using The Equivalent--One Quintal=3.67437 Bushels. Source: Statistique Agricole Annuelle, 1929, Pp. 180-184. This NBER data series a01012a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01012a

  • Percent of Nominal GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1816 to 2016 (2018-09-20)

    Calendar year average. This measure uses a break-adjusted measure of nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Millions of British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1816 to 2016 (2018-09-20)

    Calendar year average. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind the composite series in the relevant worksheets. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce these series in their own work as they represent Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project. For more information, please refer to https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Index 1913=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1820 to 1909 (2012-08-17)

    Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1820-1909 (2)--Original Data, 1910-1920 (3)--Original Data, 1919-1946 (4)--Original Data, 1938-1949. This Index Is Based On Weekly Earnings. The Sources Vary As Follows: Falkner'S Report Covers All Industries; Burgess Deals Only With Teachers; The Department Of Agriculture Covers Farm Wages; Douglas Covers All Industries, Including Farming. Source: 1820-1839: A.H. Hanson, American Economic Review, March 1925; 1840-1865: R.P. Falkner, Aldrich Report, And W.R. Burgess, Trends Of School Costs; 1866-1889: Falkner, Burgess, And U.S. Department Of Agriculture; 1890-1909: L.P. Ayres, Prospects For Building Construction In American Cities, And P.H. Douglas, American Economic Review, March 1926, And Burgess. This NBER data series a08061a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: a08061a

  • Miles, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1822 to 1852 (2012-08-16)

    Content: The Negative Figure In 1840 Results From An Excess Of Abandonments. Advisable To Check Whether Ireland Is Included, Possibly In 1847-79. This Series Is Presented Here As 2 Variables: (1) Annual Data, 1822-52; (2) Annual Data, 1847-79. The Break Results From Use Of A Different Source (Cited Above). Total Mileage Authorized In 1821 And Prior Years Was 37 Miles. Source: Commerce And Labour Dept., 1822-52: H. G. Lewin, "Early British Railways, P.186, And H. G. Lewin, "The Railway Mania And Its Aftermath", London, 1936, P.473; 1847-79: Parliamentary Papers, Vol. Xxvii (1859), P. V, Capt. Galton, "Report....Of The Proceedings Of The Dept. Of Railways" And Later Volumes "Miscellaneous Statistics Of The United Kingdom" This NBER data series a02084d appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02084d

  • Thousands of Current Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1822 to 1919 (2012-08-16)

    The Data Cover Construction And Repair Work, And Include Expenditures For Flood Control As Well As For Rivers And Harbors. Data For 1920- 57, Compiled By The Corps Of Engineers Of The U.S. Army, Are Available In The Source. For Data Covering Navigation Only, 1936-62, See"Historical Statistics, Continuation To 1962 And Revisions," Series Q245. Data On Rivers, Harbors, And Flood Control Construction Are Included In The Bls-Dept. Of Commerce Series On "Conservation And Development." See "Construction Volume And Costs 1915-1956," Statistical Supplement To Vol. 3 Of "Construction Review, 1958;" And "Value Of New Construction Put In Place 1946-1963 Revised, Construction Reports, Construction Activity," C30-61 Supplement, Bureau Of The Census, October 1964. Source: Federal Works Agency-Department Of Treasury, U.S. Bureau Of The Census, "Historical Statistics Of The United States, Colonial Times To 1957, " Series Q245. Statistics Were Compiled By The Department Of The Treasury At The Request Of The Federal Works Agency. The Following Were The Original Sources (See"Historical Statistics, " P. 443): 1822- 1882:"Statement Of Appropriations And Expenditures For Public Buildings, Rivers And Harbors, Forts, Arsenals, Armories, And Other Public Works From March 4, 1789 To June 30, 1882, " U.S. Senate Ex. Doc. Vol. 7, No. 196, 47Th Congress, 1St Session (Treasury Department Doc. No.373), Pp.521-522. 1883-1919: Federal Works Agency Records (Compiled From Treasury Department Accounts). This Series Is Also Found In"Historical Statistics, 1789-1945, " Series H29, And Is One Of The Components Of "U.S. Federal Construction Expenditures, Public Works, Total, " (Series 02223). This NBER data series a02226 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02226

  • Millions of Current Francs, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1823 to 1908 (2012-08-16)

    Data Cover Only Private Companies Of The Main Systems. For 1871 On, Includes Alsace-Lorraine. Source: Ministere Des Travaux Publics, 1823-81: Alfred Picardin "Les Chemins De Fer Francais" (J. Rothschild, Ed., Paris, 1884), Vol. 4, Table 15, P. 832, Col. 2, 1882-1908:"Revenue Generale Des Chemins De Fer." Computed By NBER By Taking First Differences Of Cumulative Totals. This NBER data series a02086e appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02086e

  • Percent, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Jan 1824 to Nov 1939 (2012-08-20)

    Data For 1824-1857 Are For "First Class Bills" At Undetermined Periods. Thereafter, For Three Month Banker'S Bills Whenever Given, Otherwise Nearest Item To This Paper Or Closest Period. Data For 1847 Were Affected By The Famine In Ireland And The Heavy Export Of Gold To The U.S. And The Continent In Payment For The Large Importations For Grain (See Hunt'S Merchants Magazine, 1859, P. 95.) Data For April 1866 Were Affected By The Failure Of Overend, Gurney, And Company -- A Large Monopolistic Firm. Source: Data For 1824-May 1857: Parliamentary Papers, 1857, X, Pt. I; Report From The Select Committee On Bank Activity, Pp. 463-464. Data For June 1857-1939: Computed By NBER From Weekly Figures In The Economist. This NBER data series m13016 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13016

  • Miles, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1826 to 1935 (2012-08-16)

    Content: 1826-44 And 1920-35: Great Britain Only; 1845-1912: Great Britain And Ireland (In 1844, Gt. Britain: 192 Miles, Ireland, 12 Miles) Source: 1826-48: H. G. Lewin, "Early British Railways, " P. 186 And T. Tooke And W. Newmarch, "A History Of Prices, " Vol V, P. 352; 1849-68, 1872-1912, 1920-35: Parliamentary Papers, "Railway Returns By The Board Of Trade, " 1870, P.Lix, 1871, P.88, 1872, Pliv,1913, Pp.Xiii And Xx, And Later Issues Including 1932, P.18. This NBER data series a02085a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02085a

  • Miles, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1826 to 1935 (2012-08-16)

    Content: 1826-44 And 1920-35: Great Britain Only; 1845-1912: Great Britain And Ireland (In 1844, Gt. Britain: 192 Miles, Ireland, 12 Miles) Source: 1826-48: H. G. Lewin, "Early British Railways, " P. 186 And T. Tooke And W. Newmarch, "A History Of Prices, " Vol V, P. 352; 1849-68, 1872-1912, 1920-35: Parliamentary Papers, "Railway Returns By The Board Of Trade, " 1870, P.Lix, 1871, P.88, 1872, Pliv,1913, Pp.Xiii And Xx, And Later Issues Including 1932, P.18. This NBER data series a02085 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02085

  • Kilometers, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1829 to 1913 (2012-08-16)

    Content: Increase Computed By NBER By Successive Subtractions Of Length Of Line In Operation On Dec. 31 Of Each Year. 1829-34: Main Systems Only, 1835-66: Main Systems Plus Industrial Railroads, 1867-1913: Main Systems Plus Industrial And Local Railroads. Adjusted For Transfer Of Alsace-Lorrraine To Germany In 1870. Source: Ministere Des Travaux Publics Et Des Transports, "Statistique Des Chemins De Fer Francais, " 1913, Vol. 1, Pp.3-6. This NBER data series a02086a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02086a

  • Thousands of Hectares, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1829 to 1919 (2012-08-16)

    Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1829-1919 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1938 (3)--Original Data, 1929-1944. Source: Data For 1829-1869: Annuaire Statistique, 1947. Data For 1870-1881: Statistique De La France, Annual Volumes. Data For 1882-1919: Statistique Agricole Annuelle. This NBER data series a01037 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01037

  • Miles, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 1952 (2012-08-16)

    These Data Refer To Miles Of First Track Completed In A Calendar Year. It Is Not Clear At What Stage The Building Of A Mile Of Road Was Reported. If Construction Of A Line Took Several Years, A Company May Have Reported Each Year, Or Might Have Waited Until The Whole Line Was Completed. Sometimes The Year Of Completion Differed From The Year In Which Traffic Was First Carried; In Such Cases The Mileage May Have Been Assigned To Either Year. The Data For 1830-79 Are Originally From The Tenth Census Report, Vol.Iv,"Report On The Agencies Of Transportation In The United States. These Data Were Compiled By The Bureau Of The Census From Reports Of Railroads Known To Exist In 1880. They Are Limited To Mileage Still In Operation In The Census Year 1880. Railway Age Obtained Its Figures At Annual Intervals From Individual Railroads And From State Railroad Commissions. For Data On Gross Capital Expenditure, Including Road And Equipment, Beginning In 1870, See Melville J. Ulmer, "Capital In Transportation Communications, And Public Utilities: Its Formation And Financing," Princeton University Press For NBER, 1960, P.255 Ff. Railroad Investment Data For The Pre-Civil War Period, Beginning In 1828, Are Available In Albert Fishlow, "American Railroads And The Transformation Of The Ante-Bellum Economy", Harvard University Press, 1965. Source: 1830-1879:"Historical Statistics Of The United States, Colonial Times To 1957, " Bureau Of The Census, Series Q43. 1880-1952:"Railway Age, " Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corp., New York, January 1, 1938, And Later Annual Review Issues. This NBER data series a02082a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02082a

  • Number of Acres, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 1932 (2012-08-16)

    Data Apply To Acres Subdivided Within 1931 City Limits. Source: Homer Hoyt, "One Hundred Years Of Land Values In Chicago, 1830-1933" Pg. 479-480. This NBER data series a02067 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02067

  • Number of Lots Added, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 1926 (2012-08-16)

    Area Coverage - U.S., Detroit Area. Source: Michigan Business Studies, Volume I., No. 4, July 1928, P.43. This NBER data series a02068 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02068

  • Number of Lots, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 1934 (2012-08-16)

    For Further Information See Source Source: Pittsburgh Business Review, March 28, 1935, P.18. This NBER data series a02069 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02069

  • Millions of Chained 2013 British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 2016 (2017-06-09)

    Break-adjusted measure intended for users who need a series without classification or geographical breaks for use in appropriate econometric work where, for example, the series will be log-differenced or log-linearised around a trend. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Millions of Chained 2013 British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 2016 (2017-06-09)

    Break-adjusted measure intended for users who need a series without classification or geographical breaks for use in appropriate econometric work where, for example, the series will be log-differenced or log-linearised around a trend. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Millions of Chained 2013 British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 2016 (2017-06-09)

    Break-adjusted measure intended for users who need a series without classification or geographical breaks for use in appropriate econometric work where, for example, the series will be log-differenced or log-linearised around a trend. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Millions of Chained 2013 British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 2016 (2017-06-09)

    Measure of nominal GDI divided by private and public consumption deflator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Percentage Points, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 2016 (2017-06-09)

    Percentage points contribution to GDP calculated within the historical chains of data. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Millions of Hectolitres, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 1938 (2012-08-16)

    Data Exclude Corsica Throughout. Statistique Agricole Annuelle Data Include Corsica Beginning In 1908. Alsace-Lorraine Is Not Included From 1871-1919. Only Non-Invaded Territory Is Included From 1914-1918. A Hectolitre Is 26.418 Gallons. NBER Resolved Contradictions In Some Of The Sources. Data Are For Crop Seasons Which Run From October 1 Through September 30. Source: Annuaire Statistique, 1932, Pp.55-56, 158-159; 1937, Pp.62-63; 1939, P.63. This NBER data series a01027 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01027

  • Percent of Nominal GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 2016 (2018-03-12)

    Calendar year average. This measure uses a break-adjusted measure of nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Millions of British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1830 to 2016 (2017-06-09)

    Calendar year average. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Miles, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1831 to 1911 (2012-08-16)

    Content Is "Net Increase Of Mileage Of All Railroads In The U.S. In The Calendar Year," An Increase Being Defined As "First Track Mileage Operated." Source: Poor'S Manual Of Railroads, 1912. This NBER data series a02082 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02082

  • Number of Locomotives, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1832 to 1923 (2012-08-16)

    Indications Point To Calendar Year. Source: History Of Baldwin Locomortive Works, 1832-1923 P. 182. This NBER data series a01151 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01151

  • Millions of British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1833 to 2016 (2018-03-12)

    Break-adjusted stock. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Dollars per Fine Ounce, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1833 to 1933 (2012-08-16)

    Data Are Values Of A Fine Ounce At The Average Quotation. The Prices Are The Average Of Bar Silver In London, Per Ounce British Standard (.925 Fine), In Equivalent United States Gold Coin, Of An Ounce 1.000 Fine, Taken At The Average Price And Par Of Exchange. The London Price Is Given In Depreciated Currency After September 21, 1931. The United States Was Off The Gold Standard On And After April 19, 1933. Figure For 1933 Is For The 1932-33 Fiscal Year. Source: Annual Report Of The Directors Of The Mint, 1933, Pp.86-87. This NBER data series a04018 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: a04018

  • Millions of British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1833 to 2016 (2017-06-09)

    Break-adjusted stock. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Miles, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1836 to 1911 (2012-08-16)

    Data Were Obtained By NBER From The Latest Manual In Which They Were Available. Source: National Bureau Of Economic Research; Poor'S "Manual Of Railroads" This NBER data series a02083b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02083b

  • Percent, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Jan 1836 to Dec 1939 (2012-08-20)

    Whenever Rates Change Within A Month NBER Weighted The Rates By The Number Of Days Each Were In Effect. Source: Data For 1836-1938: Burdett'S Official Intelligence, 1894, P. 1771; 1935, P. 3286, And Following Editions (Name Changes To Stock Exchange Official Intelligence; Then To Official Stock Exchange Yearbook). Data For 1939: Federal Reserve Board, Banking And Monetary Statistics, 1943. This NBER data series m13013 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13013

  • Thousands of Short Tons, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1836 to 1918 (2012-08-16)

    Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1836-1918 (2)--Original Data, 1907-1934. Source Calls Data "Total Beets Harvested". Data Are For Fiscal Years Ending July 31, Or August 31. Source: U.S. Beet Sugar Association, "Concerning Sugar", Pg. L2. This NBER data series a01024a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01024a

  • Kilometers, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1837 to 1935 (2012-08-16)

    Content: Standard Gauge Only. Calendar Year Was Used By All Railroads Reporting In 1837-98 And 1929-35 And By Practically All Roads In 1925-28; In 1899-1924, Some Roads Used Calendar Year And Others, Year Ending Following March 31. Data Adjusted For Transfer Of Alsace-Lorraine In 1870 And 1918 And Other Areas In 1919 Source: Reichs-Eisenbahnamt (1927 On, Die Deutsche Reichsbahn Gesellschaft), "Statistik Des Im Betriebe Befindlichen Eisenbahnen Deutschlands, " 1898, Anhang Iii And Pp.2-32 And Annual Issues, 1899-1935 This NBER data series a02087a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02087a

  • Thousands of Short Tons, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1837 to 1942 (2012-08-16)

    The Genessee Valley Canal Opened In 1840. Source: New York State Public Works Department, Annual Report Of The Superintendent, 1930, Pp. 32-33; 1933, P. 27; 1938, P. 33; And Following Issues. This NBER data series a03020 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: a03020

  • Thousands of Current Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1837 to 1914 (2012-08-16)

    For Further Informaton See The Source Work Cited Above And Lipsey & Preston, Pp. 270-271. Source: Manuel Gottlieb, "Long Swings In Urban Development, " Table E-4 This NBER data series a02284 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02284

  • Thousands of Horsepower, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1839 to 1913 (2012-08-16)

    Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1839-1913 (2)--Original Data, 1919-1931. Data For Calendar Year. Source: Annuaire Statistique De La Fance, 1922. This NBER data series a01172a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 1 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter01.html. NBER Indicator: a01172a

  • Kilometers, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1840 to 1934 (2012-08-16)

    Content: Data Compiled By NBER By Successive Subtraction Of Total Mileage. Industrial And Local Railroads (Including Parisian Underground Railways) Are Excluded, Also Territory Occupied By Foreign Countries In 1914-18. Adjustment Made For Transfer Of Alsace-Lorraine To Germany In 1870 And Back To Operation By France In 1921. Source: 1840-1913: Ministere Des Travaux Publics, "Statistique Des Chemins De Fer, " 1913 Issue, Pp.3-6; 1921-34: Op.Cit., Annual Issues, Section Heading: Interet General, Ouvertes A L'Exploitation; 1914-20: Statistique Generale De La France, "Annuaire Statistique, " 1932, Pp.79F. This NBER data series a02086 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02086

  • Percent, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Jan 1840 to Dec 1852 (2012-08-20)

    Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1840-1852 (2)--Original Data, 1852-1888 (3)--Original Data, 1888-1938. Source: Annual Register This NBER data series m13041a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 13 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter13.html. NBER Indicator: m13041a

  • Number of Units Produced, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1840 to 1939 (2012-08-16)

    The Data Represent Estimates Of The Number Of New Nonfarm Housekeeping Units Erected Each Year. They Are Presented As A Suggested Revision Of The Official Estimates For The Period 1890-1939, And An Extension Of This Series Back To 1840. The Estimates Are Intended Primarily For Use In The Study Of Long-Swing Movements Of Residential Construction, And, According To The Author, May Not Do Justice To Short Cyclical Movements. For Further Information See The Source Work Cited Above And Lipsey And Preston, Pp. 270-71. Source: Manuel Gottlieb "Estimates Of Residential Building, United States, 1840-1939, " (New York, NBER Technical Paper 17, 1964) This NBER data series a02238 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02238

  • Number of Apartments, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1841 to 1894 (2012-08-16)

    Content Is New Apartments Minus Demolitions Of Old Apartments. Source: Emmy Reich- Statistiches Landesamt, "Der Wahnungsmarkt In Berlin Von 1840-1919, " Staats Und Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungen, Heft 164, Pp. 134-35. This NBER data series a02081 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02081

  • Cents per Bushel, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Jul 1841 to Jul 1944 (2012-08-16)

    Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)-- Original Data, 1842-1944 (2)--Original Data, 1938-1952. "Statistics Of Wheat Prices For The Period 1841-1870 Were Taken From Newspapers Of That Period, Namely The American, The Democrat, And The Tribune; From The Annual Review Of The Trade And Commerce Of Chicago, Published By The Tribune, And All Found In The Archives Of The Chicago Historical Society. The Statistics For The Period 1871-1922 Are All From The Annual Reports Published By The Chicago Board Of Trade." (J.E. Boyle In Source). Average Monthly Price Is Computed (NBER) By Averaging Monthly High And Low. In All Cases The Effort Was Made To Use That Grade Of Wheat In Which The Most Transactions Were Had. On This Basis, Therefore, These Grades Were Used. (All Cash Prices.): 1841-57, Spring Wheat; 1858-59, Standard Spring; 1860-63, No. 2 Spring; 1864-1870, No. 1 Spring; 1871-1897, No. 2 Spring; 1898-1904,"Regular" Wheat (Deliverable On Contracts); 1905-1918, No. 2 Red Winter; 1919-1920, No. 2 Northern, 1921-1922, No. 2 Red Northern. Future Trading In Wheat At The Chicago Board Of Trade Ceased August 25, 1917, And Was Resumed July 15, 1920. The Price Of Cash Wheat Was Fixed By The Government Beginning In September, 1917. Government Control Of Cash Wheat Ceased On June 30, 1920. Beginning In 1883, The Basic Cash Price Of Wheat Is That Spot Price Of Such Wheat As Is Being Delivered On Chicago Future Contracts, Or Is Expected To Be Delivered On Them, Adjusted For Any Premium Or Discount Applicable On Delivery. Listing Of Prices Was Discontinued In The Wheat Studies For May, 1944, Vol Xx, No. 5. June And July Prices Are From "World Grain Review And Outlook, 1945," P.281. Source: James E. Boyle, Chicago Wheat Prices For Eighty-One Years, Pp. 69-71, For 1841-1882; Food Research Institute, Stanford University, "Wheat Studies, " November, 1934, P.118 And The Following December Issues For 1883-1944. This NBER data series m04001a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04001a

  • Dollars per Ton of 2240 Lbs. (Gross Ton), Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted May 1842 to Sep 1914 (2012-08-16)

    Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1842-1914 (2)--Original Data, 1910-1949. Source: American Iron And Steel Association, Annual Statistical Reports This NBER data series m04011a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04011a

  • Thousands of Gross Tons, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1843 to 1940 (2012-08-16)

    Data Given As Of June 30 In Thousand Gross Tons. Gross Ton = Capacity Of Space Within Frames And Ceiling Of Hall And Closed In Spaces Above Deck Available For Cargo, Stores, Passengers, And Crew Expressed In Tons Of 100 Cubic Feet. Source: U.S. Bureau Of Navigation, Department Of Commerce, "Merchant Marine Statistics", 1935, Pp. 24-26 And Later Issues. This NBER data series a02135 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02135

  • Francs, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1844 to 1959 (2012-08-17)

    Source: Annuaire Statistique De La France, Retrospectif Edition, 1961 This NBER data series a08148 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: a08148

  • Millions of British Pounds, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1844 to 2016 (2018-03-12)

    Break-adjusted stock based on M3, M4 and M4x This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Millions of Pounds Sterling, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Sep 1844 to Dec 1934 (2012-08-20)

    Data For 1844-September 1857 Are For The Last Saturday Of The Month; All Other Data Are For Next To Last Saturday And Last Wednesday Of The Month. Data For 1888-1907 Were Checked With Volume 21 Of The National Monetary Commission. Data For 1862-1864, 1884, 1896-1897, 1906, 1914, March 1919, And November 1924 Were Checked With The Economist (London). Misprints Were Found In The Data From Bankers' For March 1919 And November 1925. Data For November 1928-1935 Were Computed By NBER From "Other Securities" Plus "Discounts And Advances". Source: Bankers' Magazine. This NBER data series m14083 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14083

  • Thousands of Pounds Sterling, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Sep 1844 to Nov 1934 (2012-08-20)

    Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1844-1904 (2)--Original Data, 1904-1934 (3)--Seasonally Adjusted, 1844-1934. Data For 1888-1904 Have Been Checked With Figures From The National Monetary Commission Report, Vol. 21; Parliamentary Papers; A Few Figures For 1860-1863 Found Missing In Bankers' Magazine Were Supplied By The Economist. Data Include Post Bills. Data For 1875 On Are Called "Bank Post Bills" In Bankers' Magazine. Source: Bankers' Magazine. This NBER data series m14084 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14084

  • Millions of Pounds Sterling, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Sep 1844 to Sep 1939 (2012-08-20)

    Data Are For Deposits Other Than Those Of The Government, Which Are Under The Heading Of "Public Deposits" On The Balance Sheet. The "Other" Deposits Also Include The Balances Which The Other Banks Of The Country Keep With The Bank Of England. Data Were Reported Weekly On Monday. Deposits Reported On The Last Wednesday Of Each Month Were Taken For That Month. Beginning In November 1928,"Other" Deposits Have Been Computed By Summing "Bankers'" And "Other Accounts" (See January 1929 Issue Of Bankers' Magazine, P.8 And P.163). Source: Bankers' Magazine. This NBER data series m14085 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14085

  • Index Jan 2015=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1845 to 2016 (2018-03-12)

    Calendar year average. Uses building costs as a rough proxy prior to 1895. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

  • Shillings per Quarter, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Sep 1845 to Oct 1934 (2012-08-16)

    Figures Were Computed By NBER By Converting Pounds, Shillings And Pence To Shillings And Decimal Of Shilling. Where Other Units Of Measure Were Given, They Were Converted To Quarters. The London Gazette Quoted Average Daily Prices For The Last Week In The Month Taken. Last Week Considered Up To And Including The Third Of The Following Month. For 1920, In Cases Where The Exact Quotation Ceased To Be Given During The War, The Nearest Available Quotation Was Used. Beginning In January, 1921, Series Is Called End Of Month. In 1923, Data Were Given In Hundredweight And Were Converted To Quarters By Multiplying By 4.5, The Number Of Hundredweight In One Quarter. Beginning In 1930, Series Is Called "Wholesale Price Of Commodities." Source: The Economist This NBER data series m04002 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04002

  • Thousands of Net Tons, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Jan 1846 to Aug 1939 (2012-08-16)

    Since January 1912, Vessels Landing Or Embarking Bullion, Spice, Or Mails Only, Are Included In Returns As Vessels With Cargoes. They Were Previously Considered Vessels In Ballast. Data Exclude The Irish Free State From April 1923 On. Source: Board Of Trade, Statistical Office, "Accounts Relating To Trade And Navigation". This NBER data series m03024 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: m03024

  • Thousands of Net Tons, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Jan 1846 to Aug 1939 (2012-08-16)

    Data Are For The Net Tonnage Of Vessels Entered, Exclusive Of Cargo. Data For 1846-August 1937 Cover The Volume Of Two Years Past Data; Data For September 1937-August 1938 Cover The Volume Of One Years Past Data; Data For September 1938-August 1939 Cover Current Volume. Data For April 1923-1939 Exclude The Irish Free State. Source: Board Of Trade, Statistical Office, "Accounts Relating To Trade And Navigation". This NBER data series m03025 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: m03025

  • Gross Tons, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1847 to 1937 (2012-08-16)

    Content: Data Refer To Yachts Built In U.S. And Documented During Fiscal Year Ending June 30. Includes Sail From 1847, Steam From 1864, Motor From 1891, And Houseboats (Previously Included With Sail) From 1921. Zeroes May Stand For"Not Reported" For The Years 1849, 1850, 1852, 1853, 1856, 1859, 1861, 1862 Source: Dept. Of Commerce-Bureau Of Marine Inspection And Navigation, U.S. Bureau Of Navigation And Steamboat Inspection, "Merchant Marine Statistics, " 1933, Pp.62-63; 1937. This NBER data series a02102 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02102

  • Billions of Metric Ton-Kilometers, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1847 to 1937 (2012-08-16)

    Data Are For Streams, Rivers, Lakes, Canals, And Ponds. Data For 1847-1869 And 1920-1937 Include The Alsace Lorraine. Data For 1915-1919 Are Based On Incomplete Returns. Source: Ministere Des Travaux Publies, Statistique De La Navigation Interieure, 1935, P. 65; Annuaire Statisque, 1938, P. 129. This NBER data series a03007c appears on the NBER website in Chapter 3 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter03.html. NBER Indicator: a03007c

  • Miles, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1847 to 1879 (2012-08-16)

    Source: Commerce And Labour Dept. This NBER data series a02084da appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02084da

  • Thousands of Long Tons, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1849 to 1961 (2012-08-16)

    Rail Consumption Estimates Are Computed As Rail Production Plus Imports And Minus Exports. Prior To 1872 Figures Are Only For Production Plus Imports. Data Through 1940 Were Computed By The American Iron And Steel Institute. Data Beginning 1941 From"Metal Statistics" Are Based On American Iron And Steel Institute Production Figures, And Import And Export Data Are From The U.S. Department Of Commerce. The Data Cover Total Production Of Iron And Steel Rails. They Include Rerolled Rails, Girder And High Tee Rails, And Streetcar Rails. One Long Ton = 2240 Lb. Avoir. = 1016.06 Kg. Source: 1849-1940: American Iron & Steel Institute, "Annual Statistical Reports." 1941-1961:"Metal Statistics, " American Metal Market, 1962 And 1963. This NBER data series a02084 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02084

  • Millions of Current Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1850 to 1939 (2012-08-16)

    For Further Information See Source. Source: Manuel Gottlieb, "New Measures Of Value Of Nonfarm Building For The United States, Annually 1850-1939, " Review Of Economics And Statistics, Nov., 1965 This NBER data series a02239 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02239

  • Millions of Current Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1850 to 1939 (2012-08-16)

    For Details On Estimation Procedures And Content, See The Source. Source: Manuel Gottlieb, "New Measures Of Value Of Nonfarm Building For The United States, Annually 1850-1939, " (The Review Of Economics And Statistics, Nov., 1965) This NBER data series a02240 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 2 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter02.html. NBER Indicator: a02240


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