Table Data - Brave-Butters-Kelley Real Gross Domestic Product

Title Brave-Butters-Kelley Real Gross Domestic Product
Series ID BBKMGDP
Source Indiana University: Indiana Business Research Center
Release Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes
Seasonal Adjustment Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency Monthly
Units Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period
Date Range 1960-01-01 to 2026-09-01
Last Updated 2026-11-02 7:33 AM CST
Notes The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth.

The BBK Monthly GDP Growth is indexed to the quarterly estimates of real GDP growth from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and consists of three components: cycle, trend, and irregular components.

For more details, see also:
Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes, Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422
Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity, Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1
DATE VALUE
1960-01-01 16.0080061814
1960-02-01 5.0136505598
1960-03-01 -4.5991448325
1960-04-01 -3.7210858016
1960-05-01 -2.7694761400
1960-06-01 1.3868438752
1960-07-01 5.5228985584
1960-08-01 2.5436850636
1960-09-01 -4.0031187119
1960-10-01 -7.2543093117
1960-11-01 -8.2501456851
1960-12-01 -2.7584048111
1961-01-01 6.3113270820
1961-02-01 6.0795551182
1961-03-01 6.8669474090
1961-04-01 6.5780587407
1961-05-01 6.5111335329
1961-06-01 8.0216005406
1961-07-01 7.7973227684
1961-08-01 9.1247525453
1961-09-01 4.3509292651
1961-10-01 8.3904473322
1961-11-01 9.1164441962
1961-12-01 8.6685323194
1962-01-01 4.4647825666
1962-02-01 9.7913350599
1962-03-01 4.1596588763
1962-04-01 1.9437386022
1962-05-01 2.3136622510
1962-06-01 3.8540082200
1962-07-01 7.6583949073
1962-08-01 4.1510281579
1962-09-01 2.7645849411
1962-10-01 -1.3562733309
1962-11-01 1.6674954785
1962-12-01 2.8504738840
1963-01-01 5.5467567514
1963-02-01 6.7015000862
1963-03-01 1.7266852236
1963-04-01 2.8921858590
1963-05-01 5.7021733787
1963-06-01 9.9449581892
1963-07-01 11.3751838066
1963-08-01 7.8966441105
1963-09-01 2.8139790024
1963-10-01 0.4033719957
1963-11-01 0.6941824832
1963-12-01 7.3303495662
1964-01-01 11.9114533575
1964-02-01 10.1587500228
1964-03-01 3.8003130778
1964-04-01 3.0304725576
1964-05-01 3.3306412866
1964-06-01 5.4484058060
1964-07-01 10.2558696912
1964-08-01 4.9930504124
1964-09-01 0.8153614757
1964-10-01 -6.0392977056
1964-11-01 6.3274835047
1964-12-01 9.9292389988
1965-01-01 11.2085724925
1965-02-01 9.2063145159
1965-03-01 7.8848186096
1965-04-01 1.8325703427
1965-05-01 3.7947510441
1965-06-01 7.1255414267
1965-07-01 11.9209534926
1965-08-01 8.8444974329
1965-09-01 7.6582659501
1965-10-01 9.1711451829
1965-11-01 9.3842072131
1965-12-01 11.6108320767
1966-01-01 10.6267647804
1966-02-01 8.4653657187
1966-03-01 5.1283234376
1966-04-01 -2.1241785617
1966-05-01 -1.5178040200
1966-06-01 2.9141199760
1966-07-01 4.2809695039
1966-08-01 4.5529381775
1966-09-01 4.1678554588
1966-10-01 2.9951663049
1966-11-01 1.3805638716
1966-12-01 4.7165788527
1967-01-01 6.2354304713
1967-02-01 1.0068380411
1967-03-01 0.2427963965
1967-04-01 -0.7313598048
1967-05-01 -0.5908582379
1967-06-01 4.1002048979
1967-07-01 3.8129121080
1967-08-01 7.3876661543
1967-09-01 0.0712659971
1967-10-01 -1.2247577712
1967-11-01 6.9066982457
1967-12-01 9.3784673877
1968-01-01 6.9812741737
1968-02-01 9.0187351371
1968-03-01 8.0470517418
1968-04-01 5.1341843115
1968-05-01 7.1498282904
1968-06-01 4.7651187761
1968-07-01 3.8180994976
1968-08-01 -0.4580304578
1968-09-01 0.6085285296
1968-10-01 0.3528921938
1968-11-01 3.6438546750
1968-12-01 4.9699706194
1969-01-01 8.5670099990
1969-02-01 6.5297532465
1969-03-01 3.5495215001
1969-04-01 -1.0669131202
1969-05-01 -1.4039147495
1969-06-01 3.2649574123
1969-07-01 4.5154371228
1969-08-01 3.0195342456
1969-09-01 -1.0141662345
1969-10-01 -2.8617236410
1969-11-01 -5.2694312531
1969-12-01 0.5441015356
1970-01-01 -1.2061279337
1970-02-01 1.8915856152
1970-03-01 -1.3448941623
1970-04-01 -1.6585395284
1970-05-01 2.4952829692
1970-06-01 5.8733220922
1970-07-01 7.5634674466
1970-08-01 0.9240969016
1970-09-01 -5.7685623430
1970-10-01 -11.6692391814
1970-11-01 -4.2461255736
1970-12-01 15.3317491321
1971-01-01 15.3111537532
1971-02-01 10.5405279127
1971-03-01 3.0135197022
1971-04-01 -0.8594605468
1971-05-01 0.3383531492
1971-06-01 4.7905845247
1971-07-01 3.2512669787
1971-08-01 3.2785511592
1971-09-01 3.2478672129
1971-10-01 -2.1611505664
1971-11-01 0.2375202275
1971-12-01 4.6402440040
1972-01-01 9.1746683256
1972-02-01 8.7196699799
1972-03-01 11.0477053632
1972-04-01 10.4893610814
1972-05-01 7.0175487067
1972-06-01 4.5130038413
1972-07-01 0.4676216840
1972-08-01 5.7095168709
1972-09-01 4.9720695368
1972-10-01 6.1332920431
1972-11-01 8.2749876365
1972-12-01 9.1364178105
1973-01-01 10.4352570864
1973-02-01 11.2833040851
1973-03-01 7.5790329321
1973-04-01 3.8125952159
1973-05-01 1.9264472479
1973-06-01 -2.7264973707
1973-07-01 -4.3663353194
1973-08-01 -2.6998825451
1973-09-01 3.0481283721
1973-10-01 8.7096893524
1973-11-01 4.6107694906
1973-12-01 -4.7533940161
1974-01-01 -6.5240528778
1974-02-01 -4.0150038038
1974-03-01 1.4579349980
1974-04-01 2.3630288949
1974-05-01 3.3244438651
1974-06-01 -4.0878377416
1974-07-01 -6.0230150933
1974-08-01 -5.6710760096
1974-09-01 0.0548033388
1974-10-01 2.5490850055
1974-11-01 -3.3690993991
1974-12-01 -9.3490112963
1975-01-01 -3.1661687968
1975-02-01 -4.7860598453
1975-03-01 -3.0087905479
1975-04-01 6.5400371583
1975-05-01 5.0902521036
1975-06-01 6.6559113521
1975-07-01 8.1964997947
1975-08-01 6.0730203502
1975-09-01 5.9650013469
1975-10-01 3.9784800890
1975-11-01 4.1527609825
1975-12-01 9.9254998626
1976-01-01 11.8726342326
1976-02-01 8.3327890680
1976-03-01 3.7857743237
1976-04-01 1.7480248668
1976-05-01 1.6944214967
1976-06-01 1.7816367298
1976-07-01 2.5804488270
1976-08-01 2.1746496489
1976-09-01 2.3215294896
1976-10-01 0.8903373802
1976-11-01 5.1543061026
1976-12-01 6.1328823519
1977-01-01 0.3838313964
1977-02-01 7.9425713556
1977-03-01 7.9818948442
1977-04-01 6.8112961967
1977-05-01 7.6466728989
1977-06-01 9.6255691240
1977-07-01 7.9053907754
1977-08-01 6.0327126130
1977-09-01 1.6606760364
1977-10-01 -1.4832286656
1977-11-01 -1.9122012242
1977-12-01 -1.0268361798
1978-01-01 -6.3550886324
1978-02-01 8.8495074224
1978-03-01 16.8450038969
1978-04-01 20.7010616287
1978-05-01 12.2644572176
1978-06-01 7.3075734469
1978-07-01 -0.1775087341
1978-08-01 2.9084475328
1978-09-01 3.8647445203
1978-10-01 7.0857036791
1978-11-01 6.5154107766
1978-12-01 3.1728143838
1979-01-01 -2.6049178146
1979-02-01 -0.7416039556
1979-03-01 2.8581617170
1979-04-01 -5.7831647913
1979-05-01 6.4925363814
1979-06-01 3.2667632315
1979-07-01 3.7731598669
1979-08-01 1.0329589423
1979-09-01 0.2171979421
1979-10-01 1.6150239384
1979-11-01 0.1073693424
1979-12-01 2.4366393427
1980-01-01 4.3818469637
1980-02-01 0.0913903402
1980-03-01 -6.9638807084
1980-04-01 -11.6616996347
1980-05-01 -11.0523951985
1980-06-01 -4.0398049758
1980-07-01 0.3044787053
1980-08-01 3.4155061300
1980-09-01 7.0791788595
1980-10-01 6.7254377920
1980-11-01 8.4834263592
1980-12-01 11.8347294684
1981-01-01 10.6429504206
1981-02-01 4.2818097956
1981-03-01 -2.8102762710
1981-04-01 -6.7264679411
1981-05-01 -4.1919022336
1981-06-01 3.1126168404
1981-07-01 9.2889405674
1981-08-01 6.2577416915
1981-09-01 0.4578369437
1981-10-01 -5.8471573066
1981-11-01 -8.9058402591
1981-12-01 -11.2430630261
1982-01-01 -11.7392702900
1982-02-01 4.7565507595
1982-03-01 0.6955873127
1982-04-01 2.0008433395
1982-05-01 2.5772613893
1982-06-01 -0.9103432019
1982-07-01 -2.3887973403
1982-08-01 -3.9432896287
1982-09-01 0.5162867796
1982-10-01 -0.4772859744
1982-11-01 1.9684568127
1982-12-01 1.8353371340
1983-01-01 8.7669168984
1983-02-01 2.9583201771
1983-03-01 9.2989885650
1983-04-01 10.3159098306
1983-05-01 9.5491802006
1983-06-01 9.4025937172
1983-07-01 7.0002273882
1983-08-01 6.0076559079
1983-09-01 9.8398198317
1983-10-01 8.4765723598
1983-11-01 7.9271208462
1983-12-01 7.3828518297
1984-01-01 8.6979757935
1984-02-01 7.4184719836
1984-03-01 6.0459745349
1984-04-01 7.1643936791
1984-05-01 7.5728328335
1984-06-01 5.5532020735
1984-07-01 3.2661423988
1984-08-01 2.6894178130
1984-09-01 0.6837074471
1984-10-01 3.7711200264
1984-11-01 4.9950180485
1984-12-01 4.0521608546
1985-01-01 3.4668421656
1985-02-01 3.4902313573
1985-03-01 4.2259980849
1985-04-01 1.6232508723
1985-05-01 5.1312263127
1985-06-01 4.4979803606
1985-07-01 6.9682698090
1985-08-01 8.0745558859
1985-09-01 3.3711388579
1985-10-01 0.7201297666
1985-11-01 2.9930228022
1985-12-01 3.7152538110
1986-01-01 7.1487590716
1986-02-01 0.8916449264
1986-03-01 -0.2102453328
1986-04-01 3.3151932666
1986-05-01 1.4811333187
1986-06-01 2.7965579455
1986-07-01 5.1852827559
1986-08-01 3.7295027784
1986-09-01 4.1966762707
1986-10-01 0.4465427785
1986-11-01 0.8355259440
1986-12-01 4.1282342518
1987-01-01 -0.7204834715
1987-02-01 7.9115955404
1987-03-01 3.8645046142
1987-04-01 4.4855252466
1987-05-01 3.5909950130
1987-06-01 2.3316911774
1987-07-01 3.0644276593
1987-08-01 2.8264709447
1987-09-01 7.9563556827
1987-10-01 9.4911518157
1987-11-01 5.4893984230
1987-12-01 3.0914486151
1988-01-01 -1.4583193655
1988-02-01 2.8097739877
1988-03-01 5.6545536460
1988-04-01 6.6524078746
1988-05-01 4.4984091029
1988-06-01 3.9271770744
1988-07-01 0.3792006000
1988-08-01 1.7648298683
1988-09-01 4.0087793321
1988-10-01 6.1543074313
1988-11-01 6.2558907970
1988-12-01 6.8949592334
1989-01-01 4.2374083153
1989-02-01 0.5132771921
1989-03-01 2.6135800541
1989-04-01 4.1894726808
1989-05-01 2.5801029216
1989-06-01 3.9100084920
1989-07-01 1.5760478221
1989-08-01 5.9980186021
1989-09-01 -0.5688185480
1989-10-01 -1.6585336058
1989-11-01 1.9282439426
1989-12-01 3.3651895701
1990-01-01 4.7286574177
1990-02-01 6.4121055571
1990-03-01 3.4545734669
1990-04-01 -1.4954219439
1990-05-01 1.2527964157
1990-06-01 1.7137333443
1990-07-01 -0.2277786864
1990-08-01 0.7633097378
1990-09-01 -3.1324091059
1990-10-01 -3.9680400464
1990-11-01 -6.3876708134
1990-12-01 -2.7561960951
1991-01-01 -1.6604338094
1991-02-01 -0.1472282373
1991-03-01 0.2860723240
1991-04-01 5.4580874293
1991-05-01 4.3893493876
1991-06-01 2.3842677703
1991-07-01 2.1606817950
1991-08-01 0.2731348124
1991-09-01 1.9662724231
1991-10-01 0.7706085616
1991-11-01 1.9749243994
1991-12-01 2.0463372477
1992-01-01 5.8664928820
1992-02-01 6.4344277816
1992-03-01 6.3071852033
1992-04-01 3.9470863816
1992-05-01 2.1020363147
1992-06-01 3.7328964883
1992-07-01 5.3559260373
1992-08-01 1.9920009650
1992-09-01 5.7971526537
1992-10-01 5.5740576801
1992-11-01 2.8201376122
1992-12-01 1.3739713835
1993-01-01 -0.3603581535
1993-02-01 0.2629557711
1993-03-01 1.0169208537
1993-04-01 3.8865380870
1993-05-01 2.6510235357
1993-06-01 1.6145096619
1993-07-01 0.6907402058
1993-08-01 1.8545005606
1993-09-01 5.4893417763
1993-10-01 6.8454715954
1993-11-01 5.3608839978
1993-12-01 4.5503365581
1994-01-01 2.0131745679
1994-02-01 3.0463944057
1994-03-01 8.1612124398
1994-04-01 5.5213289634
1994-05-01 4.7606920312
1994-06-01 3.0226959902
1994-07-01 0.0997919468
1994-08-01 3.2992685343
1994-09-01 3.2748570306
1994-10-01 5.4517054314
1994-11-01 5.3227344905
1994-12-01 4.1385666489
1995-01-01 0.1065848743
1995-02-01 -0.7702931097
1995-03-01 0.3962549815
1995-04-01 0.4279651264
1995-05-01 2.7961859023
1995-06-01 3.8029091486
1995-07-01 1.4725292344
1995-08-01 5.8793093397
1995-09-01 3.9218841514
1995-10-01 0.9842585471
1995-11-01 2.2690744094
1995-12-01 3.1637674764
1996-01-01 -0.4377447248
1996-02-01 6.6591031370
1996-03-01 6.2478462245
1996-04-01 7.5714145274
1996-05-01 6.7523234703
1996-06-01 4.1704186818
1996-07-01 1.8075578695
1996-08-01 3.3729347693
1996-09-01 4.9109056224
1996-10-01 4.5390987928
1996-11-01 4.7870716699
1996-12-01 0.7986688546
1997-01-01 0.0244692400
1997-02-01 5.3339149252
1997-03-01 6.0364853410
1997-04-01 7.6480770563
1997-05-01 6.6261068442
1997-06-01 5.8363954615
1997-07-01 5.3378248046
1997-08-01 3.3822159269
1997-09-01 3.5966377723
1997-10-01 2.8439487519
1997-11-01 3.9676028002
1997-12-01 3.5702526734
1998-01-01 4.1145222200
1998-02-01 4.6438474390
1998-03-01 3.2022607539
1998-04-01 3.4722686599
1998-05-01 4.4972395446
1998-06-01 2.7127648328
1998-07-01 3.8093695286
1998-08-01 8.5827612624
1998-09-01 6.5467944094
1998-10-01 7.3032757868
1998-11-01 4.8243055873
1998-12-01 4.2299933826
1999-01-01 3.0343750633
1999-02-01 4.4196235388
1999-03-01 2.4277059425
1999-04-01 3.0220845554
1999-05-01 4.1407987698
1999-06-01 3.2894470945
1999-07-01 5.4192748867
1999-08-01 6.7696967269
1999-09-01 6.9217643822
1999-10-01 9.1807433303
1999-11-01 4.6450446707
1999-12-01 1.1367166525
2000-01-01 -1.2346035509
2000-02-01 0.3680558689
2000-03-01 9.0687506878
2000-04-01 10.6254578701
2000-05-01 6.0665212192
2000-06-01 2.4716177123
2000-07-01 -3.1560782221
2000-08-01 -1.2256106948
2000-09-01 4.5763876151
2000-10-01 3.5321496078
2000-11-01 2.2580178968
2000-12-01 -1.5982516421
2001-01-01 -3.1622126888
2001-02-01 -1.8911764127
2001-03-01 2.3734043334
2001-04-01 4.0823985356
2001-05-01 4.2785021307
2001-06-01 -1.2410464835
2001-07-01 -3.4461736809
2001-08-01 -2.1454513673
2001-09-01 -1.6245316198
2001-10-01 2.4258445014
2001-11-01 2.2259461566
2001-12-01 3.5540584440
2002-01-01 4.1780588210
2002-02-01 3.1389141750
2002-03-01 1.8348225212
2002-04-01 2.7878912101
2002-05-01 2.1220774031
2002-06-01 2.5580438175
2002-07-01 1.3807560915
2002-08-01 1.6438104806
2002-09-01 -0.0595402111
2002-10-01 -0.1165204846
2002-11-01 1.7864145078
2002-12-01 -0.2878288297
2003-01-01 3.5694084597
2003-02-01 1.9651442176
2003-03-01 3.0450395957
2003-04-01 2.0314292010
2003-05-01 5.3038735384
2003-06-01 7.0029291049
2003-07-01 7.4082362916
2003-08-01 5.6140521188
2003-09-01 6.6164499368
2003-10-01 4.3790055125
2003-11-01 3.7443341216
2003-12-01 2.0778583060
2004-01-01 1.2445295470
2004-02-01 2.5057544304
2004-03-01 3.6919494022
2004-04-01 2.3240819440
2004-05-01 3.8962589880
2004-06-01 3.1433144556
2004-07-01 4.4595876652
2004-08-01 3.6407770338
2004-09-01 3.1290998010
2004-10-01 4.1791242574
2004-11-01 4.0004114666
2004-12-01 6.1132402372
2005-01-01 5.1766019410
2005-02-01 3.6943022030
2005-03-01 0.5611506909
2005-04-01 2.1454242765
2005-05-01 1.2774985961
2005-06-01 3.8932716811
2005-07-01 3.2968220928
2005-08-01 4.4363945960
2005-09-01 0.2788433822
2005-10-01 1.0247335283
2005-11-01 3.3608244746
2005-12-01 5.1428201339
2006-01-01 7.0863222754
2006-02-01 4.9479346208
2006-03-01 3.3094781644
2006-04-01 -0.2504937825
2006-05-01 -0.3232301369
2006-06-01 -0.8474174027
2006-07-01 -0.5666302883
2006-08-01 2.8314948676
2006-09-01 3.4302462712
2006-10-01 3.7041894601
2006-11-01 3.3202895871
2006-12-01 3.3785784733
2007-01-01 -1.4288139642
2007-02-01 1.0941122635
2007-03-01 2.8293737373
2007-04-01 2.4111839846
2007-05-01 2.9633558948
2007-06-01 2.0380323023
2007-07-01 1.2120402848
2007-08-01 3.1818906452
2007-09-01 3.6439090347
2007-10-01 3.3496623584
2007-11-01 2.0523989380
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