Table Data - Brave-Butters-Kelley Real Gross Domestic Product

Title Brave-Butters-Kelley Real Gross Domestic Product
Series ID BBKMGDP
Source Indiana University: Indiana Business Research Center
Release Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes
Seasonal Adjustment Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency Monthly
Units Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period
Date Range 1960-01-01 to 2026-06-01
Last Updated 2026-10-05 7:34 AM CDT
Notes The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth.

The BBK Monthly GDP Growth is indexed to the quarterly estimates of real GDP growth from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and consists of three components: cycle, trend, and irregular components.

For more details, see also:
Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes, Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422
Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity, Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1
DATE VALUE
1960-01-01 16.0154472868
1960-02-01 5.0065679346
1960-03-01 -4.6062632578
1960-04-01 -3.7188992858
1960-05-01 -2.7625944921
1960-06-01 1.3878405079
1960-07-01 5.5237294036
1960-08-01 2.5395213488
1960-09-01 -4.0061587311
1960-10-01 -7.2499536436
1960-11-01 -8.2533561998
1960-12-01 -2.7548070328
1961-01-01 6.3134931581
1961-02-01 6.0750600577
1961-03-01 6.8654542599
1961-04-01 6.5790341637
1961-05-01 6.5119790209
1961-06-01 8.0244646542
1961-07-01 7.7955880580
1961-08-01 9.1277262222
1961-09-01 4.3436123275
1961-10-01 8.3907710534
1961-11-01 9.1205574399
1961-12-01 8.6709948669
1962-01-01 4.4562911537
1962-02-01 9.7981229141
1962-03-01 4.1625190679
1962-04-01 1.9443485563
1962-05-01 2.3094310487
1962-06-01 3.8481325250
1962-07-01 7.6634903587
1962-08-01 4.1501334862
1962-09-01 2.7670705228
1962-10-01 -1.3550379668
1962-11-01 1.6668127778
1962-12-01 2.8440567014
1963-01-01 5.5450799962
1963-02-01 6.7104806982
1963-03-01 1.7272713309
1963-04-01 2.8916636893
1963-05-01 5.6980856916
1963-06-01 9.9445472458
1963-07-01 11.3764961267
1963-08-01 7.8958556382
1963-09-01 2.8165285606
1963-10-01 0.4054011582
1963-11-01 0.6883952782
1963-12-01 7.3315258447
1964-01-01 11.9128585458
1964-02-01 10.1603741476
1964-03-01 3.7962839115
1964-04-01 3.0328474197
1964-05-01 3.3312173307
1964-06-01 5.4465633395
1964-07-01 10.2588460690
1964-08-01 4.9886703918
1964-09-01 0.8183012726
1964-10-01 -6.0503674233
1964-11-01 6.3412783102
1964-12-01 9.9333589675
1965-01-01 11.2049312364
1965-02-01 9.1995902621
1965-03-01 7.8871561425
1965-04-01 1.8296966720
1965-05-01 3.7986278966
1965-06-01 7.1284579215
1965-07-01 11.9246973364
1965-08-01 8.8375653770
1965-09-01 7.6511886884
1965-10-01 9.1753749030
1965-11-01 9.3880912747
1965-12-01 11.6114613727
1966-01-01 10.6235970620
1966-02-01 8.4646502968
1966-03-01 5.1341147831
1966-04-01 -2.1258859522
1966-05-01 -1.5204614140
1966-06-01 2.9136896666
1966-07-01 4.2790814542
1966-08-01 4.5548862205
1966-09-01 4.1731415348
1966-10-01 2.9956465597
1966-11-01 1.3748700633
1966-12-01 4.7140055100
1967-01-01 6.2380294648
1967-02-01 1.0065904262
1967-03-01 0.2463351396
1967-04-01 -0.7330690683
1967-05-01 -0.5918923261
1967-06-01 4.1005709935
1967-07-01 3.8101691734
1967-08-01 7.3949102103
1967-09-01 0.0653085860
1967-10-01 -1.2300033369
1967-11-01 6.9147597356
1967-12-01 9.3827518711
1968-01-01 6.9786993361
1968-02-01 9.0140389563
1968-03-01 8.0475381595
1968-04-01 5.1327646226
1968-05-01 7.1546360572
1968-06-01 4.7634856547
1968-07-01 3.8203650762
1968-08-01 -0.4661623030
1968-09-01 0.6164539603
1968-10-01 0.3540023136
1968-11-01 3.6417937732
1968-12-01 4.9630430474
1969-01-01 8.5701179915
1969-02-01 6.5320199075
1969-03-01 3.5515802466
1969-04-01 -1.0672926239
1969-05-01 -1.4056556438
1969-06-01 3.2631935579
1969-07-01 4.5159863676
1969-08-01 3.0197753472
1969-09-01 -1.0110275688
1969-10-01 -2.8601132926
1969-11-01 -5.2759654553
1969-12-01 0.5458204616
1970-01-01 -1.2099259403
1970-02-01 1.8988477342
1970-03-01 -1.3449280304
1970-04-01 -1.6600906433
1970-05-01 2.4950514211
1970-06-01 5.8712441506
1970-07-01 7.5631193348
1970-08-01 0.9242764153
1970-09-01 -5.7634896036
1970-10-01 -11.6732339911
1970-11-01 -4.2536341038
1970-12-01 15.3484256289
1971-01-01 15.3089108890
1971-02-01 10.5341451962
1971-03-01 3.0071692641
1971-04-01 -0.8609102404
1971-05-01 0.3448437888
1971-06-01 4.8010359191
1971-07-01 3.2477257013
1971-08-01 3.2728755546
1971-09-01 3.2424488261
1971-10-01 -2.1628878956
1971-11-01 0.2449610173
1971-12-01 4.6470867900
1972-01-01 9.1785673296
1972-02-01 8.7053496863
1972-03-01 11.0435225767
1972-04-01 10.4916615014
1972-05-01 7.0230080983
1972-06-01 4.5178696650
1972-07-01 0.4611795186
1972-08-01 5.7135392275
1972-09-01 4.9681602810
1972-10-01 6.1297202365
1972-11-01 8.2796120135
1972-12-01 9.1416806313
1973-01-01 10.4357166058
1973-02-01 11.2780367795
1973-03-01 7.5730389664
1973-04-01 3.8127696113
1973-05-01 1.9326651061
1973-06-01 -2.7222010362
1973-07-01 -4.3626149916
1973-08-01 -2.7103068898
1973-09-01 3.0430055507
1973-10-01 8.7122266094
1973-11-01 4.6177288853
1973-12-01 -4.7542545889
1974-01-01 -6.5256192129
1974-02-01 -4.0156507897
1974-03-01 1.4586897259
1974-04-01 2.3618673892
1974-05-01 3.3282213076
1974-06-01 -4.0927705796
1974-07-01 -6.0264918449
1974-08-01 -5.6659482000
1974-09-01 0.0610662079
1974-10-01 2.5524716762
1974-11-01 -3.3743691599
1974-12-01 -9.3662853349
1975-01-01 -3.1586094880
1975-02-01 -4.7757946285
1975-03-01 -3.0121810700
1975-04-01 6.5433805998
1975-05-01 5.0848162769
1975-06-01 6.6532685083
1975-07-01 8.1972181474
1975-08-01 6.0758712247
1975-09-01 5.9678660541
1975-10-01 3.9807876826
1975-11-01 4.1460908918
1975-12-01 9.9233369742
1976-01-01 11.8736889121
1976-02-01 8.3364701907
1976-03-01 3.7862439069
1976-04-01 1.7452081178
1976-05-01 1.6947706969
1976-06-01 1.7847682873
1976-07-01 2.5784336280
1976-08-01 2.1744470931
1976-09-01 2.3213678831
1976-10-01 0.8867669261
1976-11-01 5.1570518931
1976-12-01 6.1386279020
1977-01-01 0.3763306945
1977-02-01 7.9441715208
1977-03-01 7.9869597289
1977-04-01 6.8068653824
1977-05-01 7.6462246596
1977-06-01 9.6280281106
1977-07-01 7.9067728801
1977-08-01 6.0324663732
1977-09-01 1.6525524681
1977-10-01 -1.4863639476
1977-11-01 -1.9065249532
1977-12-01 -1.0122894992
1978-01-01 -6.3657572164
1978-02-01 8.8504541304
1978-03-01 16.8403466009
1978-04-01 20.7077773852
1978-05-01 12.2579521857
1978-06-01 7.3088041252
1978-07-01 -0.1810699313
1978-08-01 2.9154337476
1978-09-01 3.8654993576
1978-10-01 7.0867306483
1978-11-01 6.5105581434
1978-12-01 3.1709428532
1979-01-01 -2.6096337638
1979-02-01 -0.7382488233
1979-03-01 2.8741949946
1979-04-01 -5.7972633189
1979-05-01 6.5002335090
1979-06-01 3.2582428715
1979-07-01 3.7736888287
1979-08-01 1.0336726978
1979-09-01 0.2235271379
1979-10-01 1.6154499969
1979-11-01 0.1014925229
1979-12-01 2.4337426593
1980-01-01 4.3826581645
1980-02-01 0.0953966791
1980-03-01 -6.9626568023
1980-04-01 -11.6604907286
1980-05-01 -11.0569689962
1980-06-01 -4.0407382499
1980-07-01 0.3034931603
1980-08-01 3.4164391978
1980-09-01 7.0867097047
1980-10-01 6.7258251278
1980-11-01 8.4769654220
1980-12-01 11.8304945770
1981-01-01 10.6464538539
1981-02-01 4.2854345372
1981-03-01 -2.8131053342
1981-04-01 -6.7263457254
1981-05-01 -4.1928925355
1981-06-01 3.1162641818
1981-07-01 9.2923083915
1981-08-01 6.2525095367
1981-09-01 0.4518934002
1981-10-01 -5.8471429552
1981-11-01 -8.8996973232
1981-12-01 -11.2382727103
1982-01-01 -11.7428469414
1982-02-01 4.7576680949
1982-03-01 0.6883590284
1982-04-01 1.9984031117
1982-05-01 2.5879228585
1982-06-01 -0.9110062236
1982-07-01 -2.3904133968
1982-08-01 -3.9477792522
1982-09-01 0.5207787704
1982-10-01 -0.4792832801
1982-11-01 1.9718191213
1982-12-01 1.8301100759
1983-01-01 8.7731119486
1983-02-01 2.9528594266
1983-03-01 9.2984167230
1983-04-01 10.3139241341
1983-05-01 9.5530490562
1983-06-01 9.4074175300
1983-07-01 6.9980461268
1983-08-01 6.0036573537
1983-09-01 9.8408442430
1983-10-01 8.4780157488
1983-11-01 7.9259740332
1983-12-01 7.3827650202
1984-01-01 8.6971949953
1984-02-01 7.4205869306
1984-03-01 6.0454074676
1984-04-01 7.1645505433
1984-05-01 7.5721841184
1984-06-01 5.5530480986
1984-07-01 3.2657560493
1984-08-01 2.6913633167
1984-09-01 0.6819321531
1984-10-01 3.7746895479
1984-11-01 4.9934316589
1984-12-01 4.0462301535
1985-01-01 3.4685896778
1985-02-01 3.4911740109
1985-03-01 4.2323180332
1985-04-01 1.6208331898
1985-05-01 5.1317401869
1985-06-01 4.4906231097
1985-07-01 6.9698366504
1985-08-01 8.0817186105
1985-09-01 3.3663135123
1985-10-01 0.7189247038
1985-11-01 2.9974497346
1985-12-01 3.7125031012
1986-01-01 7.1579865852
1986-02-01 0.8824837369
1986-03-01 -0.2185310076
1986-04-01 3.3235079696
1986-05-01 1.4796075537
1986-06-01 2.8003979055
1986-07-01 5.1836099432
1986-08-01 3.7266750263
1986-09-01 4.2011960579
1986-10-01 0.4418669404
1986-11-01 0.8326817884
1986-12-01 4.1417382549
1987-01-01 -0.7329923440
1987-02-01 7.9200859375
1987-03-01 3.8608865867
1987-04-01 4.4834818650
1987-05-01 3.5904359429
1987-06-01 2.3376851202
1987-07-01 3.0667414295
1987-08-01 2.8161200834
1987-09-01 7.9586872791
1987-10-01 9.4900888622
1987-11-01 5.4924222191
1987-12-01 3.0942775518
1988-01-01 -1.4624148732
1988-02-01 2.8093782591
1988-03-01 5.6589499567
1988-04-01 6.6509821490
1988-05-01 4.4965002413
1988-06-01 3.9268750815
1988-07-01 0.3758531591
1988-08-01 1.7688366947
1988-09-01 4.0133208494
1988-10-01 6.1509955613
1988-11-01 6.2527945437
1988-12-01 6.8979974890
1989-01-01 4.2369296658
1989-02-01 0.5112484463
1989-03-01 2.6160932364
1989-04-01 4.1920983452
1989-05-01 2.5771039700
1989-06-01 3.9051317829
1989-07-01 1.5710609489
1989-08-01 6.0108361371
1989-09-01 -0.5667406289
1989-10-01 -1.6618687044
1989-11-01 1.9269516773
1989-12-01 3.3608060234
1990-01-01 4.7273079926
1990-02-01 6.4189176212
1990-03-01 3.4550569726
1990-04-01 -1.5000224755
1990-05-01 1.2551086994
1990-06-01 1.7151312961
1990-07-01 -0.2304635825
1990-08-01 0.7660990567
1990-09-01 -3.1350412427
1990-10-01 -3.9658414418
1990-11-01 -6.3904825221
1990-12-01 -2.7546935370
1991-01-01 -1.6603362290
1991-02-01 -0.1453371817
1991-03-01 0.2818040640
1991-04-01 5.4627745456
1991-05-01 4.3864071107
1991-06-01 2.3827364395
1991-07-01 2.1634546272
1991-08-01 0.2698315200
1991-09-01 1.9705654499
1991-10-01 0.7741519061
1991-11-01 1.9699638592
1991-12-01 2.0403455333
1992-01-01 5.8705221525
1992-02-01 6.4366183274
1992-03-01 6.3076602690
1992-04-01 3.9440394277
1992-05-01 2.1030045491
1992-06-01 3.7369602039
1992-07-01 5.3593892959
1992-08-01 1.9824049668
1992-09-01 5.7968592086
1992-10-01 5.5731884606
1992-11-01 2.8245305309
1992-12-01 1.3779760933
1993-01-01 -0.3577227523
1993-02-01 0.2553161889
1993-03-01 1.0118914762
1993-04-01 3.8901285241
1993-05-01 2.6536026584
1993-06-01 1.6162784424
1993-07-01 0.6906787544
1993-08-01 1.8499009603
1993-09-01 5.4926086473
1993-10-01 6.8445720053
1993-11-01 5.3617813526
1993-12-01 4.5493064772
1994-01-01 2.0119252712
1994-02-01 3.0431558903
1994-03-01 8.1726001678
1994-04-01 5.5162278928
1994-05-01 4.7592395813
1994-06-01 3.0213671613
1994-07-01 0.0970135634
1994-08-01 3.3078919883
1994-09-01 3.2700553808
1994-10-01 5.4521236972
1994-11-01 5.3228200736
1994-12-01 4.1381205310
1995-01-01 0.1073623143
1995-02-01 -0.7720071061
1995-03-01 0.3981573073
1995-04-01 0.4262901156
1995-05-01 2.7967712216
1995-06-01 3.8046728872
1995-07-01 1.4680332062
1995-08-01 5.8840189161
1995-09-01 3.9218402867
1995-10-01 0.9825306884
1995-11-01 2.2658760642
1995-12-01 3.1707258959
1996-01-01 -0.4401812876
1996-02-01 6.6589171451
1996-03-01 6.2448094028
1996-04-01 7.5751167418
1996-05-01 6.7503588346
1996-06-01 4.1695009452
1996-07-01 1.8079508835
1996-08-01 3.3740235887
1996-09-01 4.9113490506
1996-10-01 4.5379799699
1996-11-01 4.7884080622
1996-12-01 0.7973768627
1997-01-01 0.0228051309
1997-02-01 5.3358447549
1997-03-01 6.0388656003
1997-04-01 7.6483443471
1997-05-01 6.6225603826
1997-06-01 5.8359961639
1997-07-01 5.3393638163
1997-08-01 3.3821230814
1997-09-01 3.5965514851
1997-10-01 2.8426312692
1997-11-01 3.9698641127
1997-12-01 3.5699479166
1998-01-01 4.1123052519
1998-02-01 4.6465247535
1998-03-01 3.2019052304
1998-04-01 3.4713278534
1998-05-01 4.4982503582
1998-06-01 2.7115993577
1998-07-01 3.8063879683
1998-08-01 8.5890325771
1998-09-01 6.5445165978
1998-10-01 7.3001647694
1998-11-01 4.8263196160
1998-12-01 4.2335826860
1999-01-01 3.0305910698
1999-02-01 4.4238879723
1999-03-01 2.4213364203
1999-04-01 3.0215862959
1999-05-01 4.1434205923
1999-06-01 3.2941728386
1999-07-01 5.4172525447
1999-08-01 6.7693243329
1999-09-01 6.9165028854
1999-10-01 9.1801037449
1999-11-01 4.6513610125
1999-12-01 1.1368981125
2000-01-01 -1.2333234593
2000-02-01 0.3574464091
2000-03-01 9.0794500706
2000-04-01 10.6223914618
2000-05-01 6.0657853756
2000-06-01 2.4714993189
2000-07-01 -3.1565391170
2000-08-01 -1.2272474792
2000-09-01 4.5820164991
2000-10-01 3.5330115287
2000-11-01 2.2568159451
2000-12-01 -1.6080544852
2001-01-01 -3.1609143273
2001-02-01 -1.8797424265
2001-03-01 2.3674489145
2001-04-01 4.0807071389
2001-05-01 4.2849333980
2001-06-01 -1.2483579762
2001-07-01 -3.4467698301
2001-08-01 -2.1368195187
2001-09-01 -1.6318151513
2001-10-01 2.4333393116
2001-11-01 2.2142118731
2001-12-01 3.5609777948
2002-01-01 4.1744279576
2002-02-01 3.1419497452
2002-03-01 1.8375395528
2002-04-01 2.7889272625
2002-05-01 2.1173381300
2002-06-01 2.5559445730
2002-07-01 1.3801440122
2002-08-01 1.6489312455
2002-09-01 -0.0590077408
2002-10-01 -0.1187794348
2002-11-01 1.7914216094
2002-12-01 -0.2972518878
2003-01-01 3.5757879064
2003-02-01 1.9591176423
2003-03-01 3.0517934207
2003-04-01 2.0264826958
2003-05-01 5.3057089922
2003-06-01 7.0066166383
2003-07-01 7.4099568614
2003-08-01 5.6057083738
2003-09-01 6.6187651969
2003-10-01 4.3800145653
2003-11-01 3.7436714869
2003-12-01 2.0798696421
2004-01-01 1.2408369935
2004-02-01 2.5043002746
2004-03-01 3.7025753373
2004-04-01 2.3182947324
2004-05-01 3.8958223725
2004-06-01 3.1417516069
2004-07-01 4.4594702973
2004-08-01 3.6435489519
2004-09-01 3.1274703812
2004-10-01 4.1823578515
2004-11-01 3.9960177127
2004-12-01 6.1128138840
2005-01-01 5.1769078716
2005-02-01 3.6969465119
2005-03-01 0.5601907419
2005-04-01 2.1515016631
2005-05-01 1.2696174952
2005-06-01 3.8900773123
2005-07-01 3.2920935015
2005-08-01 4.4475490789
2005-09-01 0.2849900287
2005-10-01 1.0221634818
2005-11-01 3.3562041542
2005-12-01 5.1363231382
2006-01-01 7.0969379149
2006-02-01 4.9418922091
2006-03-01 3.3073303810
2006-04-01 -0.2516910769
2006-05-01 -0.3163127188
2006-06-01 -0.8473223773
2006-07-01 -0.5660130021
2006-08-01 2.8305888240
2006-09-01 3.4230990312
2006-10-01 3.7012518955
2006-11-01 3.3252165152
2006-12-01 3.3927378345
2007-01-01 -1.4404888504
2007-02-01 1.0951883749
2007-03-01 2.8290005226
2007-04-01 2.4067253964
2007-05-01 2.9658907674
2007-06-01 2.0460086398
2007-07-01 1.2084204667
2007-08-01 3.1789544253
2007-09-01 3.6421533814
2007-10-01 3.3518502996
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