Table Data - Deflation Probability

Title Deflation Probability
Series ID STLPPMDEF
Source Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Release St. Louis Fed Price Pressures Measures (Not a Press Release)
Seasonal Adjustment Not Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency Monthly
Units Probability
Date Range 1990-01-01 to 2026-03-01
Last Updated 2026-04-09 12:39 PM CDT
Notes This series measures the probability that the personal consumption expenditures price index (PCEPI) inflation rate (12-month changes) over the next 12 months will fall below zero.

For additional information on the Price Pressures Measure and its construction, see Introducing the St. Louis Fed Price Pressures Measure.

As of April 5, 2023, the MZM Money Stock measure, in SA billions of dollars, has been replaced with the series Revolving Consumer Credit Outstanding (break-adjusted), in SA billions of dollars, from the Federal Reserve’s monthly G.19 release. This change was made because the MZM series was discontinued.

As of February 3, 2020, the Emerging and Developing Asia and Western Hemisphere Consumer Prices Indexes have been replaced with Asia/Pacific Rim and Latin America Consumer Price Indexes respectively. These changes were made to facilitate a more timely updating of the PPM. Switching the Consumer Prices Indexes produced no meaningful change in the PPM series.

As of January 29, 2021, the Adjusted Monetary Base (including Deposits to Satisfy Clearing Balance Contracts) Seasonally Adjusted, in billions of dollars has been replaced with the series, Monetary Base, NSA, in billions of dollars.
DATE VALUE
1990-01-01 0.07685043
1990-02-01 0.03366975
1990-03-01 0.07952298
1990-04-01 0.06015278
1990-05-01 0.12700201
1990-06-01 0.11676537
1990-07-01 0.08211811
1990-08-01 0.12431632
1990-09-01 0.21021722
1990-10-01 0.03330687
1990-11-01 0.06728708
1990-12-01 0.09397492
1991-01-01 0.06087128
1991-02-01 0.04410193
1991-03-01 0.04918776
1991-04-01 0.08405503
1991-05-01 0.09639769
1991-06-01 0.08794669
1991-07-01 0.07214621
1991-08-01 0.09409575
1991-09-01 0.12201722
1991-10-01 0.09932033
1991-11-01 0.10690924
1991-12-01 0.11613090
1992-01-01 0.16092500
1992-02-01 0.11851487
1992-03-01 0.12162029
1992-04-01 0.08915996
1992-05-01 0.09516260
1992-06-01 0.10858986
1992-07-01 0.09782781
1992-08-01 0.13439740
1992-09-01 0.13213875
1992-10-01 0.12745643
1992-11-01 0.10236654
1992-12-01 0.09902330
1993-01-01 0.09262840
1993-02-01 0.07449464
1993-03-01 0.10834718
1993-04-01 0.09074813
1993-05-01 0.08958825
1993-06-01 0.05817767
1993-07-01 0.08292318
1993-08-01 0.07773925
1993-09-01 0.09584886
1993-10-01 0.09554581
1993-11-01 0.09478660
1993-12-01 0.05487778
1994-01-01 0.06009352
1994-02-01 0.05941322
1994-03-01 0.02386880
1994-04-01 0.02457865
1994-05-01 0.02760380
1994-06-01 0.03247037
1994-07-01 0.04338222
1994-08-01 0.03187195
1994-09-01 0.01962389
1994-10-01 0.02813205
1994-11-01 0.03218338
1994-12-01 0.01570190
1995-01-01 0.00174095
1995-02-01 0.00062610
1995-03-01 0.00458368
1995-04-01 0.00127260
1995-05-01 0.00134947
1995-06-01 0.00153634
1995-07-01 0.00178843
1995-08-01 0.00226586
1995-09-01 0.00258148
1995-10-01 0.00894333
1995-11-01 0.00237819
1995-12-01 0.00901068
1996-01-01 0.00155721
1996-02-01 0.00026587
1996-03-01 0.00053137
1996-04-01 0.00008439
1996-05-01 0.00004526
1996-06-01 0.00003217
1996-07-01 0.00016631
1996-08-01 0.00001883
1996-09-01 0.00017262
1996-10-01 0.00005309
1996-11-01 0.00014540
1996-12-01 0.00012878
1997-01-01 0.00000039
1997-02-01 0.00000003
1997-03-01 0.00000017
1997-04-01 0.00000269
1997-05-01 0.00000941
1997-06-01 0.00003906
1997-07-01 0.00000169
1997-08-01 0.00001024
1997-09-01 0.00003130
1997-10-01 0.00001232
1997-11-01 0.00003249
1997-12-01 0.00013289
1998-01-01 0.00147887
1998-02-01 0.00310527
1998-03-01 0.01638614
1998-04-01 0.01044787
1998-05-01 0.00218407
1998-06-01 0.00489854
1998-07-01 0.04566567
1998-08-01 0.00342605
1998-09-01 0.00284242
1998-10-01 0.05142947
1998-11-01 0.02185139
1998-12-01 0.00981253
1999-01-01 0.04771950
1999-02-01 0.00304983
1999-03-01 0.01838903
1999-04-01 0.00357082
1999-05-01 0.00000498
1999-06-01 0.00068676
1999-07-01 0.00073325
1999-08-01 0.00006669
1999-09-01 0.00003055
1999-10-01 0.00000198
1999-11-01 0.00004433
1999-12-01 0.00002044
2000-01-01 0.00000656
2000-02-01 0.00000019
2000-03-01 0.00000032
2000-04-01 0.00000000
2000-05-01 0.00000353
2000-06-01 0.00000001
2000-07-01 0.00000008
2000-08-01 0.00000014
2000-09-01 0.00000014
2000-10-01 0.00000001
2000-11-01 0.00000007
2000-12-01 0.00000002
2001-01-01 0.00000252
2001-02-01 0.00000013
2001-03-01 0.00000024
2001-04-01 0.00001117
2001-05-01 0.00000009
2001-06-01 0.00000001
2001-07-01 0.00000009
2001-08-01 0.00000404
2001-09-01 0.00000301
2001-10-01 0.00100929
2001-11-01 0.00235560
2001-12-01 0.00041450
2002-01-01 0.00299419
2002-02-01 0.00681942
2002-03-01 0.00376238
2002-04-01 0.00007978
2002-05-01 0.00011776
2002-06-01 0.00054821
2002-07-01 0.00096197
2002-08-01 0.00021654
2002-09-01 0.00071384
2002-10-01 0.00044441
2002-11-01 0.00007159
2002-12-01 0.00006654
2003-01-01 0.00065080
2003-02-01 0.00032613
2003-03-01 0.00060791
2003-04-01 0.00138713
2003-05-01 0.07041713
2003-06-01 0.02400209
2003-07-01 0.00526277
2003-08-01 0.00005038
2003-09-01 0.00004130
2003-10-01 0.00053296
2003-11-01 0.00045783
2003-12-01 0.00057561
2004-01-01 0.00002761
2004-02-01 0.00001759
2004-03-01 0.00003079
2004-04-01 0.00004461
2004-05-01 0.00000135
2004-06-01 0.00000148
2004-07-01 0.00000162
2004-08-01 0.00003038
2004-09-01 0.00005566
2004-10-01 0.00002467
2004-11-01 0.00000066
2004-12-01 0.00000032
2005-01-01 0.00000134
2005-02-01 0.00000119
2005-03-01 0.00000031
2005-04-01 0.00000000
2005-05-01 0.00000045
2005-06-01 0.00001163
2005-07-01 0.00000491
2005-08-01 0.00000007
2005-09-01 0.00000016
2005-10-01 0.00000000
2005-11-01 0.00000000
2005-12-01 0.00000979
2006-01-01 0.00000757
2006-02-01 0.00000001
2006-03-01 0.00000031
2006-04-01 0.00000263
2006-05-01 0.00000017
2006-06-01 0.00000003
2006-07-01 0.00000234
2006-08-01 0.00000194
2006-09-01 0.00000261
2006-10-01 0.00274208
2006-11-01 0.00228620
2006-12-01 0.00014468
2007-01-01 0.00013595
2007-02-01 0.00006881
2007-03-01 0.00000056
2007-04-01 0.00000264
2007-05-01 0.00003458
2007-06-01 0.00023319
2007-07-01 0.00031128
2007-08-01 0.00090745
2007-09-01 0.00952066
2007-10-01 0.00028260
2007-11-01 0.00008563
2007-12-01 0.00001574
2008-01-01 0.00017756
2008-02-01 0.00039402
2008-03-01 0.00014582
2008-04-01 0.00072701
2008-05-01 0.00014800
2008-06-01 0.00049914
2008-07-01 0.00004985
2008-08-01 0.00006291
2008-09-01 0.00053803
2008-10-01 0.00088691
2008-11-01 0.30505954
2008-12-01 0.49643667
2009-01-01 0.89005651
2009-02-01 0.25200196
2009-03-01 0.40195938
2009-04-01 0.76773019
2009-05-01 0.36659353
2009-06-01 0.44164433
2009-07-01 0.51913126
2009-08-01 0.74253895
2009-09-01 0.48274305
2009-10-01 0.57006620
2009-11-01 0.16408071
2009-12-01 0.00012954
2010-01-01 0.01461896
2010-02-01 0.01517004
2010-03-01 0.03637823
2010-04-01 0.00401037
2010-05-01 0.00231429
2010-06-01 0.01738653
2010-07-01 0.08412726
2010-08-01 0.03728611
2010-09-01 0.03114123
2010-10-01 0.05368137
2010-11-01 0.02065799
2010-12-01 0.05513364
2011-01-01 0.02050477
2011-02-01 0.01640086
2011-03-01 0.01501898
2011-04-01 0.03050179
2011-05-01 0.00342950
2011-06-01 0.00934181
2011-07-01 0.00337790
2011-08-01 0.00354778
2011-09-01 0.00747391
2011-10-01 0.01596486
2011-11-01 0.02148608
2011-12-01 0.02039148
2012-01-01 0.01431782
2012-02-01 0.00468668
2012-03-01 0.00230025
2012-04-01 0.00192859
2012-05-01 0.00442981
2012-06-01 0.01108736
2012-07-01 0.01444241
2012-08-01 0.00363738
2012-09-01 0.00121385
2012-10-01 0.00352683
2012-11-01 0.00970917
2012-12-01 0.00891072
2013-01-01 0.00375662
2013-02-01 0.00210777
2013-03-01 0.00217470
2013-04-01 0.00161436
2013-05-01 0.00700406
2013-06-01 0.00322943
2013-07-01 0.00300548
2013-08-01 0.00277536
2013-09-01 0.00350065
2013-10-01 0.00651134
2013-11-01 0.01312151
2013-12-01 0.00622406
2014-01-01 0.00581294
2014-02-01 0.00933296
2014-03-01 0.00883729
2014-04-01 0.00231563
2014-05-01 0.00207798
2014-06-01 0.00386689
2014-07-01 0.01052099
2014-08-01 0.00655762
2014-09-01 0.01237198
2014-10-01 0.01055919
2014-11-01 0.02554941
2014-12-01 0.03044042
2015-01-01 0.05611394
2015-02-01 0.45638423
2015-03-01 0.09386546
2015-04-01 0.04281423
2015-05-01 0.06798100
2015-06-01 0.03574943
2015-07-01 0.02646283
2015-08-01 0.07305711
2015-09-01 0.10318074
2015-10-01 0.14765832
2015-11-01 0.15314351
2015-12-01 0.16874779
2016-01-01 0.08681255
2016-02-01 0.02597486
2016-03-01 0.01448149
2016-04-01 0.00374187
2016-05-01 0.00175312
2016-06-01 0.00045658
2016-07-01 0.00122598
2016-08-01 0.00295786
2016-09-01 0.00112688
2016-10-01 0.00182528
2016-11-01 0.00095884
2016-12-01 0.00039137
2017-01-01 0.00150939
2017-02-01 0.00344509
2017-03-01 0.00299348
2017-04-01 0.00548267
2017-05-01 0.00960989
2017-06-01 0.00371041
2017-07-01 0.00486580
2017-08-01 0.00467926
2017-09-01 0.00694435
2017-10-01 0.00504874
2017-11-01 0.01016629
2017-12-01 0.00578143
2018-01-01 0.00243958
2018-02-01 0.00156811
2018-03-01 0.00264753
2018-04-01 0.00318428
2018-05-01 0.00212615
2018-06-01 0.00164101
2018-07-01 0.00306119
2018-08-01 0.00482681
2018-09-01 0.01100068
2018-10-01 0.00429111
2018-11-01 0.00435380
2018-12-01 0.00367949
2019-01-01 0.00630825
2019-02-01 0.00416072
2019-03-01 0.00357872
2019-04-01 0.00216722
2019-05-01 0.00262255
2019-06-01 0.00536752
2019-07-01 0.00552732
2019-08-01 0.00881933
2019-09-01 0.00784801
2019-10-01 0.00828575
2019-11-01 0.00316530
2019-12-01 0.00401904
2020-01-01 0.00179905
2020-02-01 0.00072371
2020-03-01 0.00208939
2020-04-01 0.10457413
2020-05-01 0.85242860
2020-06-01 0.01087495
2020-07-01 0.00534331
2020-08-01 0.00167376
2020-09-01 0.00030426
2020-10-01 0.00055471
2020-11-01 0.00216675
2020-12-01 0.00100673
2021-01-01 0.00121036
2021-02-01 0.00125405
2021-03-01 0.00059658
2021-04-01 0.00005173
2021-05-01 0.00013996
2021-06-01 0.00005911
2021-07-01 0.00002832
2021-08-01 0.00008865
2021-09-01 0.00003687
2021-10-01 0.00010781
2021-11-01 0.00003163
2021-12-01 0.00001099
2022-01-01 0.00001145
2022-02-01 0.00003317
2022-03-01 0.00000235
2022-04-01 0.00000097
2022-05-01 0.00000875
2022-06-01 0.00001439
2022-07-01 0.00004995
2022-08-01 0.00005457
2022-09-01 0.00004539
2022-10-01 0.00031244
2022-11-01 0.00045980
2022-12-01 0.00004844
2023-01-01 0.00009724
2023-02-01 0.00012124
2023-03-01 0.00003787
2023-04-01 0.00004013
2023-05-01 0.00001298
2023-06-01 0.00006192
2023-07-01 0.00017657
2023-08-01 0.00001696
2023-09-01 0.00016314
2023-10-01 0.00002731
2023-11-01 0.00024162
2023-12-01 0.00206267
2024-01-01 0.00302540
2024-02-01 0.00101657
2024-03-01 0.00064386
2024-04-01 0.00010279
2024-05-01 0.00028065
2024-06-01 0.00043886
2024-07-01 0.00139104
2024-08-01 0.00124045
2024-09-01 0.00158531
2024-10-01 0.00145807
2024-11-01 0.00116635
2024-12-01 0.00112651
2025-01-01 0.00075705
2025-02-01 0.00084579
2025-03-01 0.00015632
2025-04-01 0.00165745
2025-05-01 0.00191675
2025-06-01 0.00111600
2025-07-01 0.00047846
2025-08-01 0.00247323
2025-09-01 0.00092777
2025-10-01 0.00262756
2025-11-01 0.00326299
2025-12-01 0.00195570
2026-01-01 0.00106488
2026-02-01 0.00023957
2026-03-01 0.00000000

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