Break-adjusted stock. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: USD OECD country ID: USA All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: TRY OECD country ID: TUR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: NZD OECD country ID: NZL All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: GPSA OECD country ID: EST All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: IDR OECD country ID: IDN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: AUS MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: EUR OECD country ID: EA19 All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: BRA MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: KOR MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: CZK OECD country ID: CZE All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: SEK OECD country ID: SWE All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: CHF OECD country ID: CHE All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: CAD OECD country ID: CAN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: GBP OECD country ID: GBR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: JPN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CAN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CHE MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CHL MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: HUF OECD country ID: HUN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: PC OECD country ID: POL All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: CLP OECD country ID: CHL All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD descriptor ID: MANMM103 OECD unit ID: STSA OECD country ID: CHE All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: MANMM105 OECD unit ID: ST OECD country ID: CZE All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: NOR MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CHN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: MEX MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: POL MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: ZAF MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: SWE MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: TUR MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: NZL MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: RUS MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: NOR MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: MEX MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: KOR MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: JPN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: IND MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: ISL MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: IDN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CZE MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CHN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: DNK MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CHL MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CAN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: CHE MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: GR ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: G1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: SWE MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: PLN OECD country ID: POL All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: AUD OECD country ID: AUS All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: JPY OECD country ID: JPN All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: ZAR OECD country ID: ZAF All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: USA MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: MXN OECD country ID: MEX All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Descriptor ID: MANMM101 OECD unit ID: INR OECD country ID: IND All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: ISR MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: IDN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: HUN MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: NZL MEASURE: MANM UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y TRANSFORMATION: _Z FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).