This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1887-1924 (2)--Original Data, 1920-1939. These Data Are Based On Returns Collected By The Board Of Trade And The Ministry Of Labour From Various Trade Unions Which Paid Unemployment Benefits. Persons On Strike, Locked Out, Sick, Or Superannuated Are Excluded. The Percentages For Some Of The Earlier Years Are Partly Computed From The Expenditures Of The Several Unions On Unemployment Benefit. March And April 1912 Were Affected By The National Coal Dispute. In 1919, Skilled Men Permanently Engaged In Their Trades Formed A Large Proportion Of The Members Of These Trade Unions. Unemployment In The Early Part Of 1919 Was Largely Of Semi-Skilled Men Who Were Discharged From Industries Which They Had Only Entered For War Purposes. The Figures Given Here Therefore May Not Fully Indicate The Amount Of Unemployment (Labor Gazette, January 20, P.3). April-June, 1921 Data Exclude The Coal Miners' Stoppage In Industry. 1924 Data Include Pottery And Are A Continuation Of Earlier Data. Labour Gazette Discontinued Pottery Trade Operations At End Of May 1924 But No Change Is Made In Data For March-May 1924 For Exclusion In Both The Abstract And The Gazette. The Gazette States That At The Time The Figures Were Not Yet Available. Source: Board Of Trade, Labour Department (Later Changed To Ministry Of Labour), Abstract Of Labor Statistics Of The United Kingdom, Especially 21St Abstract, 1919-1933. This NBER data series m08002aa appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08002aa

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1888-1926 (2)--Original Data, 1921-1939. Data Are End Of Month. Ministry Of Labour Gazette Contains Data For Manual Workers. Source: Abstact Of Labor Statistics, Particularly 10Th, 16Th, And 19Th Abstracts. This NBER data series m08004a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08004a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1887-1924 (2)--Original Data, 1920-1939. There Is No Figure For October 1920 Because Of A Coal Dispute. Figures Prior To December 1921 Are Not Available For Northern Ireland. Under The Provisions Of The Widows, Orphans, And Old Age Contributory Pensions Act Of 1925, All Persons Aged 65 And Over Ceased To Be Insured Under The Unemployment Insurance Acts As Of January 2, 1928. After That Date, Such Persons Ceased To Appear In The Statistics Showing The Number Of Insured Persons Recorded As Unemployed And The Figures For 1928 And Subsequent Years Are Therefore Not Comparable With Those Of Earlier Years. For All Practical Purposes, However, The Percenatges Unemployed Can Be Regarded As Comparable Throughout. From September 1937 On, The Monthly Count Of Books Lodged Has Been Corrected By Deduction Of Those Persons Subsequently Found To Have Been In Employment. This Precaution Did Not Apply Hitherto. The Overlap Month Is September 1937. The Figure Without The Change Would Have Been 10.0. Here It Us Given As 9.7. Certain Classes Of Domestic Employments Were Included Beginning In July, 1938. The Overlap Month Is July 1938. The Figure Without The Inclusion Would Have Been 13.1. Here It Is Given As 12.9. Figures Are Exclusive Of Juveniles Under 16 And Persons Insured Under The Agricultural Scheme Who First Became Insurable In September 1934 And May 1936, Repectively. Beginning In March 1937 There Appear Special Schemes For Banking And Insurance Workers Included. Source: Ministry Of Labour, Abstract Of Labour Statistics 18Th And 21St. This NBER data series m08002ab appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08002ab

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1888-1926 (2)--Original Data, 1921-1939. The Following Adjustments Were Made To The Data By NBER: Linear Interpolation For Monthly Total Insured Figures; May, 1921-February, 1922--Short-Time Workers Added In; Figures For Great Britain And Ireland Lowered To Great Britain And Northern Ireland Basis. March, 1922-October, 1922 Data Have Short-Time Workers Added In. November 1922-October 1923 Data Have NBER Adjustments For Short-Time Workers. November 1923-July 1939 Data Have Short-Time Workers Added In. September 1937-July 1939 Data Have An NBER Adjustment To Make Continuous Computation Of The Number Of Unemployed. Source: Ministry Of Labour Gazette, Monthly Issues . This NBER data series m08004b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08004b

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1888-1926 (2)--Original Data, 1921-1939. Data Are End Of Month. Ministry Of Labour Gazette Contains Data For Manual Workers. Source: Abstact Of Labor Statistics, Particularly 10Th, 16Th, And 19Th Abstracts. This NBER data series q08004a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: q08004a

OECD Descriptor ID: LFUNTTTT OECD unit ID: PER OECD country ID: GBR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

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OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: REG_UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SECTOR: S1 FREQ: A All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: REG_UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: N SECTOR: S1 FREQ: M All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

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OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: REG_UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SECTOR: S1 FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: REG_UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: G1 ADJUSTMENT: Y SECTOR: S1 FREQ: M All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: REG_UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: G1 ADJUSTMENT: Y SECTOR: S1 FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

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Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Adults are defined as persons ages 25 and over. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Teenagers are defined as 16- to 19-year-olds. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

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OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: M AGE: Y_GE15 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: F AGE: Y15T64 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: _T AGE: Y_GE15 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: F AGE: Y_GE15 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE_LF UNIT_MEASURE: PT_LF_SUB TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: F AGE: Y_GE15 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: M AGE: Y15T64 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE_LF UNIT_MEASURE: PT_LF_SUB TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: _T AGE: Y_GE15 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE_LF UNIT_MEASURE: PT_LF_SUB TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: M AGE: Y_GE15 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE_LF UNIT_MEASURE: PT_LF_SUB TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: F AGE: Y15T64 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: UNE UNIT_MEASURE: PS TRANSFORMATION: _Z ADJUSTMENT: Y SEX: _T AGE: Y15T64 ACTIVITY: _Z FREQ: Q All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

OECD Descriptor ID: LFHUADFE OECD unit ID: PER OECD country ID: GBR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

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OECD Descriptor ID: LFHUADMA OECD unit ID: PER OECD country ID: GBR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission