For questions on the data, please contact the data source (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/h41/%). For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/).

For questions on the data, please contact the data source (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/h41/%). For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/).

Income before taxes refers to the total money earnings and selected money receipts during the 12 months prior to the interview date. A consumer unit comprises either: (1) all members of a particular household who are related by blood, marriage, adoption, or other legal arrangements; (2) a person living alone or sharing a household with others or living as a roomer in a private home or lodging house or in permanent living quarters in a hotel or motel, but who is financially independent; or (3) two or more persons living together who use their income to make joint expenditure decisions. Financial independence is determined by the three major expense categories: Housing, food, and other living expenses. To be considered financially independent, at least two of the three major expense categories have to be provided entirely, or in part, by the respondent. For more details about the data or the survey, visit the FAQs (https://www.bls.gov/cex/csxfaqs.htm).

For questions on the data, please contact the data source (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/h41/%). For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/).

For questions on the data, please contact the data source (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/h41/%). For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/).

Averages of business days. Calculated from data provided by the Wall Street Journal. Copyright, 2016, Haver Analytics. Reprinted with permission.

Averages of business days. Calculated from data provided by the Wall Street Journal. Copyright, 2016, Haver Analytics. Reprinted with permission.

Averages of business days. Copyright, 2016, Haver Analytics. Reprinted with permission. Calculated from data provided by the Wall Street Journal.

Averages of business days. Copyright, 2016, Haver Analytics. Reprinted with permission. Calculated from data provided by the Wall Street Journal.

Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, or TIPS, are securities whose principal is tied to the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The principal increases with inflation and decreases with deflation. When the security matures, the U.S. Treasury pays the original or adjusted principal, whichever is greater. Averages of business days. Yield to maturity on accrued principal. Calculated from data provided by the Wall Street Journal. Copyright, 2016, Haver Analytics. Reprinted with permission.

For more information about this series, see: OMXI10YI (https://indexes.nasdaq.com/Index/Overview/OMXI10YI) Copyright © 2025, NASDAQ, Inc.

For more information about this series, see: NCPX (https://indexes.nasdaq.com/Index/Overview/NCPX) Copyright © 2025, NASDAQ, Inc.

For more information about this series, see: NCPX25D (https://indexes.nasdaq.com/Index/Overview/NCPX25D) Copyright © 2025, NASDAQ, Inc.

For more information about this series, see: OMXI10YNI (https://indexes.nasdaq.com/Index/Overview/OMXI10YNI) Copyright © 2025, NASDAQ, Inc.