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  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: Y033RG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2007 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: B875RX For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1959 to 2022 (Nov 20)

    BEA Account Code: W650RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: Y001RD For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: A823RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A822RD For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: A011RD For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (May 30)

    BEA Account Code: A467RD For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Millions of Dollars, Quarterly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1947 to Q1 2024 (May 30)

    BEA Account Code: NA000330

  • Percent of GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1995 to 2022 (Apr 29)

    Gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. This includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable. Thus, all liabilities in the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (GFSM 2001) system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options. Debt can be valued at current market, nominal, or face values (GFSM 2001, paragraph 7.110). A projection of this data can be found at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GGGDTPPLA188N. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1973 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: B875RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Growth Rate Previous Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1996 to 2019 (2020-04-17)

    OECD descriptor ID: NAEXKP04 OECD unit ID: GPSA OECD country ID: EU27 All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

  • Millions of Dollars, Quarterly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1947 to Q1 2024 (May 30)

    BEA Account Code: NA000292

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: W113RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2007 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: W140RX For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A823RC

  • Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: W330RD For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent of Fiscal Year GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2000 to 2029 (Apr 19)

    Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).

  • Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A465RD For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A190RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1947 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: A680RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A825RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2007 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: B4080X For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent of GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2000 to 2025 (Apr 19)

    Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).

  • Percent of GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2000 to 2025 (Apr 19)

    Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).

  • Percent of GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1990 to 2022 (Apr 29)

    Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

  • Percent of GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2023 to 2029 (Apr 29)

    This is a projection of the series General Government Gross Debt for United States (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GGGDTAUSA188N). Gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. This includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable. Thus, all liabilities in the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (GFSM 2001) system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options. Debt can be valued at current market, nominal, or face values (GFSM 2001, paragraph 7.110). Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1973 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: B4080L For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent of Fiscal Year GDP, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1991 to 2029 (Apr 19)

    Observations for the current and future years are projections. The IMF provides these series as part of their Regional Economic Outlook (REO) reports. These reports discuss recent economic developments and prospects for countries in various regions. They also address economic policy developments that have affected economic performance in their regions and provide country-specific data and analysis. For more information, please see the Regional Economic Outlook (https://www.imf.org/en/publications/reo) publications. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available here (http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm).

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A829RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: A788RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: A788RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: A006RJ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A190RY For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: A195RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A961RX For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Feb 28)

    BEA Account Code: A937RG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A680RG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: A765RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Jan 25)

    BEA Account Code: A358RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1930 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: B359RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Chained 2017 Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A765RX For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Dollars, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1929 to 2023 (Mar 28)

    BEA Account Code: A766RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2004 to 2015 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79LDDZF/ GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.08

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2005 to 2017 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79LDDZF/ GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.08

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2017 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79LDDZF/ GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.08

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2019 (2022-03-23)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79ADDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.09

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2004 to 2015 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79ADDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.09

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2005 to 2017 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79ADDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.09

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2017 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79ADDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.09

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2009 to 2016 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79ADDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.09

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2019 (2022-03-23)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity assets to GDP. Equity assets include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79ADDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.09

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2001 to 2002 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Ratio of gross portfolio equity liabilities to GDP. Equity liabilities include shares, stocks, participation, and similar documents (such as American depository receipts) that usually denote ownership of equity. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79LDDZF/ GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.08

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2006 to 2015 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79AEDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.10

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 2009 to 2016 (2019-10-21)

    Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79AEDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.10

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2020 (May 7)

    Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79AEDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.10

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2020 (May 7)

    Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79AEDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.10

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2020 (May 7)

    Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79AEDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.10

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2020 (May 7)

    Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79AEDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.10

  • Percent, Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted 1999 to 2020 (May 7)

    Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Ratio of gross portfolio debt liabilities to GDP. Debt liabilities cover (1) bonds, debentures, notes, etc., and (2) money market or negotiable debt instruments. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 79AEDZF / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DM.10


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