View the ratio of federal debt to the economic output of the U.S., which can indicate economic health and the sustainability of government borrowing.

Dates represent the end of the fiscal year. Fiscal year series are updated with official OMB figures in January or February. In October, the latest fiscal year is updated with figures from the Treasury Department (September figures from the Treasury's fiscal year to date series).

Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYFSGDA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFSGDA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Surplus or Deficit [-] (FYFSD) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFSD) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): FYFSGDA188S = ((FYFSD/1000)/GDPA)*100 FYFSD/1000 transforms FYFSD from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.

Gross Federal Debt as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (GFDGDPA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GFDGDPA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in January 2013. It is calculated using Gross Federal Debt (FYGFD) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYGFD) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): GFDGDPA188S = (FYGFD/GDPA)*100

Federal Net Outlays as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYONGDA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYONGDA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in January 2013. It is calculated using Federal Net Outlays (FYONET) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYONET) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): FYONGDA188S = ((FYONET/1000)/GDPA)*100 FYONET/1000 transforms FYONET from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.

Federal Outlays: Interest as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYOIGDA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYOIGDA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in January 2013. It is calculated using Federal Outlays: Interest (FYOINT) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYOINT) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): FYOIGDA188S = ((FYOINT/1000)/GDPA)*100 FYOINT/1000 transforms FYOINT from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.

The Monthly Treasury Statement (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/monthly-treasury-statement/summary-of-receipts-outlays-and-the-deficit-surplus-of-the-u-s-government) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata.

Federal Receipts as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYFRGDA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFRGDA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in January 2013. It is calculated using Federal Receipts (FYFR) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYFR) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): FYFRGDA188S = ((FYFR/1000)/GDPA)*100 FYFR/1000 transforms FYFR from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.

BEA Account Code: M318501 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Federal Debt Held by the Public as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYGFGDQ188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYGFGDQ188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Debt Held by the Public (FYGFDPUN) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYGFDPUN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP): FYGFGDQ188S = ((FYGFDPUN/1000)/GDP)*100 FYGFDPUN/1000 transforms FYGFDPUN from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.

Dates represent the end of the fiscal year. Fiscal year series are updated with official OMB figures in January or February. In October, the latest fiscal year is updated with figures from the Treasury Department (September figures from the Treasury's fiscal year to date series).

Dates represent the end of the fiscal year. Fiscal year series are updated with official OMB figures in January or February. In October, the latest fiscal year is updated with figures from the Treasury Department (September figures from the Treasury's fiscal year to date series).

Dates represent the end of the fiscal year. Fiscal year series are updated with official OMB figures in January or February. In October, the latest fiscal year is updated with figures from the Treasury Department (September figures from the Treasury's fiscal year to date series).

Gross Federal Debt Held by the Public as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (FYPUGDA188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYPUGDA188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in January 2013. It is calculated using Gross Federal Debt (FYGFDPUB) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FYGFDPUB) and Gross Domestic Product (GDPA) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDPA): FYPUGDA188S = (FYGFDPUB/GDPA)*100

BEA Account Code: M318191 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Federal Debt Held by Foreign & International Investors as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (HBFIGDQ188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/HBFIGDQ188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Debt Held by Foreign & International Investors (FDHBFIN) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FDHBFIN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP): (FDHBFIN/GDP)*100

Federal Debt Held by Federal Reserve Banks as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (HBFRGDQ188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/HBFRGDQ188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Debt Held by Federal Reserve Banks (FDHBFRBN) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FDHBFRBN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP): HBFRGDQ188S = (FDHBFRBN/GDP)*100

Federal Debt Held by Private Investors as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (HBPIGDQ188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/HBPIGDQ188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Debt Held by Private Investors (FDHBPIN) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FDHBPIN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP): HBPIGDQ188S = (FDHBPIN/GDP)*100

BEA Account Code: M318501 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Federal Debt Held by Agencies & Trusts as Percent of Gross Domestic Product (HBATGDQ188S) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/HBATGDQ188S) was first constructed by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis in October 2012. It is calculated using Federal Debt Held by Agencies & Trusts (FDHBATN) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FDHBATN) and Gross Domestic Product, 1 Decimal (GDP) (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GDP): HBATGDQ188S = ((FDHBATN/1000)/GDP)*100 FDHBATN/1000 transforms FDHBATN from millions of dollars to billions of dollars.

Series Is Presented Here As Six Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1933 (3)--Original, 1932-1938 (4)--Original, 1937-1940 (5)--Original, 1939-1947 (6)--Original, 1945-1962. In February 1954, The Daily Treasury Statement Discontinued Reporting Expenditures. The New Monthly Report Issued By The Treasury Department Was Based On Reports From Collecting And Disbursing Agencies And Is Considered More Accurate By The Treasury Because It Allows"The Necessary Time For Uniform Reporting Of Budget Results" (Daily Statement, February 17, 1954). Beginning In July 1960, "Net" Budget Receipts (And "Net" Budget Expenditures) Exclude Certain Interfund Transactions Which Are Included In Both Budget Receipts And Budget Expenditures. The Transactions Deducted Are Mainly Interest Payments To The Treasury By Government Corporations And Agencies. This Does Not Affect Budget Surplus Or Deficit. The Worksheets For This Variable Show The Old "Net" Figures, After June 1960 Called "Subtotal Receipts." It Is Believed That The Data Can Be Treated As A Continuous Series Since Deductions Are Very Small. From January 1962 On, Refunds Include Amounts Applicable To Trust Accounts Formerly Included In "Transfers To Trust Accounts", One Of The Items Deducted From Receipts To Derive "Net" Receipts. Refunds Applicable To Trust Accounts Have Here Been Eliminated And The Amounts Of Refunds Added Back Into Net Budget Receipts Are Comparable Throughout. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Data For 1945-1953: Daily Treasury Statement; Data For 1954-1962: Monthly Statement Of Receipts And Expenditures Of The United States Government This NBER data series m15005f appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15005f

BEA Account Code: L31214 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1910-1953 (2)--Original Data, 1953-1959. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Monthly Statement Of Receipts And Expenditures Of The U.S. Government, February 1954 And Following Issues. This NBER data series m15002b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15002b

Series Is Presented Here As Six Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1933 (3)--Original Data, 1932-1938 (4)--Original, 1937-1940 (5)--Original, 1939-1947 (6)--Original, 1945-1962. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Data For January-June 1879: Annual Report Of The Secretary For Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1901; Data For July 1879-1883: Statements Of The Receipts And Expenditures Of The U.S. From 1880 To 1895; Data For 1884-1894: Receipts, Expenditures, And Debts Of The U.S., 1789-1895; Data For 1895-1915: Daily Treasury Statement. This NBER data series m15005a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15005a

Series Is Presented Here As Six Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1933 (3)--Original Data, 1932-1938 (4)--Original, 1937-1940 (5)--Original, 1939-1947 (6)--Original, 1945-1962. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Daily Treasury Statement This NBER data series m15005b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15005b

Series Is Presented Here As Five Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1932 (3)--Original, 1930-1940 (4)--Original, 1939-1947 (5)--Original, 1945-1962. NBER Derived Data By Subtracting Series (Total Federal Budget Expenditures) From Series (Total Federal Budget Receipts). Source: Data Were Derived By NBER From U.S. Treasury Department Figures This NBER data series m15025a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15025a

BEA Account Code: M318191 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Source ID: FA316402101.Q For more information about the Flow of Funds tables, see the Financial Accounts Guide (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/fof/Default.aspx). With each quarterly release, the source may make major data and structural revisions to the series and tables. These changes are available in the Release Highlights (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/fof/FOFHighlight.aspx). In the Financial Accounts, the source identifies each series by a string of patterned letters and numbers. For a detailed description, including how this series is constructed, see the series analyzer (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/fof/SeriesAnalyzer.aspx?s=FA316402101&t=) provided by the source.

This series is found in Assets and Liabilities of FDIC-Insured Commercial Banks and Savings Institutions. The Quarterly Banking Profile is a quarterly publication that provides the earliest comprehensive summary of financial results for all FDIC-insured institutions. See Notes to Users (https://www.fdic.gov/analysis/quarterly-banking-profile/qbp/timeseries/qbpnot.pdf) for more information.

Series Is Presented Here As Six Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1933 (3)--Original, 1932-1938 (4)--Original, 1937-1940 (5)--Original, 1939-1947 (6)--Original, 1945-1962. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Daily Treasury Statement This NBER data series m15005c appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15005c

Series Is Presented Here As Six Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1933 (3)--Original, 1932-1938 (4)--Original, 1937-1940 (5)--Original, 1939-1947 (6)--Original, 1945-1962. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Daily Treasury Statement This NBER data series m15005d appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15005d

Series Is Presented Here As Six Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1933 (3)--Original, 1932-1938 (4)--Original, 1937-1940 (5)--Original, 1939-1947 (6)--Original, 1945-1962. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Daily Treasury Statement This NBER data series m15005e appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15005e

BEA Account Code: B097RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1933 (2)--Original Data, 1930-1940 (3)--Original Data, 1939-1962. The Raw Figure For November 1897 (43.4) Is Printed In The Daily Statement As 25.2 Which Excludes 18.2 Million Dollars Received From Sales Of Union Pacific Railroad, But To Be Consistent With Following Months It Was Added By NBER. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Data For January-June 1879: Annual Report Of The Secretary For Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1901; Data July 1879-1883: Statement Of The Receipts And Expenditures Of The U.S. From 1880 To 1895; Data For 1884-1894: Receipts, Expenditures, And Debts Of The U.S., 1789-1895; Data For 1895-1933: Daily Treasury Statement. This NBER data series m15004a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15004a

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1933 (2)--Original Data, 1930-1940 (3)--Original Data, 1939-1962. The Raw Figure For July 1948 Excludes Inter-Agency Transactions -- Repayment Of Capital Stock To The Treasury By The Reconstruction Finance Commission Amounting To $225 Million, And The Transfer Of Earnings To The Treasury By The Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation Amounting To $40 Million. The Corresponding Expenditure Figure Is $3698.4 Million. In February 1954 The Daily Treasury Statement Discontinued Reporting Receipts. The New Monthly Report Issued By The Treasury Department Was Based On Reports From Collecting And Distributing Agencies. It Is Considered More Accurate By The Treasury Because It Allows "The Necessary Time For Uniform Reporting Of Budget Results" (Daily Statement, February 17, 1954). The Figure For January 1954 On The Old Basis (Daily Statement) Is 40,535.2. Beginning In July 1960, "Net" Budget Receipts (And "Net" Budget Expenditures) Exclude Certain Interfund Transactions Which Are Included In Both Budget Receipts And Budget Expenditures. The Transactions Deducted Are Mainly Interest Payments To The Treasury By Government Corporations And Agencies. This Does Not Affect Budget Surplus Or Deficit. The Worksheets For This Variable Show The Old "Net" Figures, After June 1960 Called "Subtotal Receipts." It Is Believed That The Data Can Be Treated As A Continuous Series Since Deductions Are Very Small. From January 1962 On, Refunds Include Amounts Applicable To Trust Accounts Formerly Included In "Transfers To Trust Accounts", One Of The Items Deducted From Receipts To Derive "Net" Receipts. Refunds Applicable To Trust Accounts Have Here Been Eliminated And The Amounts Of Refunds Added Back Into Net Budget Receipts Are Comparable Throughout. Source: U.S. Treasury Department, Data For 1939-1953: Daily Treasury Statement; Data For 1954-1962: Monthly Statement Of Receipts And Expenditures Of The United States Government. This NBER data series m15004c appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15004c

Series Is Presented Here As Five Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1879-1915 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1932 (3)--Original, 1930-1940 (4)--Original, 1939-1947 (5)--Original, 1945-1962. NBER Derived Data By Subtracting Series (Total Federal Budget Expenditures) From Series (Total Federal Budget Receipts). Source: Data Were Derived By NBER From U.S. Treasury Department Figures This NBER data series m15025b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 15 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter15.html. NBER Indicator: m15025b

BEA Account Code: M318461 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318281 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318171 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318141 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318061 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318011 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318551 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: W708MC1 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318471 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318361 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318321 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318261 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318141 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318021 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318121 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318251 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318151 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318041 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: L318471 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: L318451 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: M318381 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: L318491 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: L318501 For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.