The total value of demand, time and saving deposits at domestic deposit money banks as a share of GDP. Deposit money banks comprise commercial banks and other financial institutions that accept transferable deposits, such as demand deposits. Demand, time and saving deposits in deposit money banks as a share of GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is demand and time and saving deposits, P_e is end-of period CPI, and P_a is average annual CPI. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Bank deposits (IFS lines 24 and 25); GDP in local currency (IFS line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF); end-of period CPI (IFS line 64M..ZF or, if not available, 64Q..ZF); and annual CPI (IFS line 64..ZF). (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, and World Bank GDP estimates) Source Code: GFDD.OI.02

Demand, time and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions as a share of GDP. Demand, time and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions as a share of GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is demand and time and saving deposits, P_e is end-of period CPI, and P_a is average annual CPI. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Financial system deposits (IFS lines 24, 25, and 45); GDP in local currency (IFS line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF); end-of period CPI (IFS line 64M..ZF or, if not available, 64Q..ZF); and annual CPI (IFS line 64..ZF). (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, and World Bank GDP estimates) Source Code: GFDD.DI.08

Eurostat unit ID: CP_MEUR Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: UK Euro/ECU series is expressed in euro from January 1, 1999 till present. Prior to December 31, 1998, synthetic exchange rate of the national currency to European Community Unit (ECU) is used to adjust for market exchange rate movements. Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

Ratio of life insurance premium volume to GDP. Premium volume is the insurer's direct premiums earned (if Property/Casualty) or received (if Life/Health) during the previous calendar year. Premium data is taken from various issues of Sigma reports (Swiss Re). Data on GDP in US dollars is from the electronic version of the World Development Indicators. (Swiss Re, Sigma Reports) Source Code: GFDD.DI.09

Converted to U.S. dollars using 2011 purchasing power parities. For more information, see https://www.bls.gov/fls/intl_gdp_capita_gdp_hour.htm#technicalnotes. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of GDP per capita and per hour.

Converted to U.S. dollars using 2011 purchasing power parities. For more information, see https://www.bls.gov/fls/intl_gdp_capita_gdp_hour.htm#technicalnotes. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of GDP per capita and per hour.

Price Level of GDP is the PPP over GDP divided by the exchange rate times 100. The PPP of GDP or any component is the national currency value divided by the real value in international dollars. The PPP and the exchange rate are both expressed as national currency units per US dollar.The value of price level of GDP for the United States is made equal to 100. Price Levels of the components Consumption, Investment, and Government are derived in the same way as the price level of GDP. While the U.S. = 100 over GDP, this is not true for the component shares. The purchasing power parity in domestic currency per $US for GDP or any component, may be obtained by dividing the price level by 100 and multiplying by the Exchange Rate. For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: p

Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MEUR Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: UK Euro/ECU series is expressed in euro from January 1, 1999 till present. Prior to December 31, 1998, synthetic exchange rate of the national currency to European Community Unit (ECU) is used to adjust for market exchange rate movements. Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

Amount of international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Table 12A (international debt amount: all issuers) / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. The figures are deflated using the following methodology: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is the level international public debt, P_e is end-of period CPI, and P_a is average annual CPI. GDP is from World Development Indicators. End-of period CPI is taken from IFS line PCPI month of December (or if not available Q4). Average annual CPI is constructed from the monthly CPI figure taken from IFS line PCPI. Source Code: GFDD.DM.07

Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Amount of public international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Table 12D (international debt amount): governments / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. GDP is from World Development Indicators. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.06

Ratio of non-Life insurance premium volume to GDP. Premium volume is the insurer's direct premiums earned (if Property/Casualty) or received (if Life/Health) during the previous calendar year. Premium data is taken from various issues of Sigma reports (Swiss Re). Data on GDP in US dollars is from the electronic version of the World Development Indicators. (Swiss Re, Sigma Reports) Source Code: GFDD.DI.10

Amount of private international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. Amount of private international debt securities (amounts outstanding), as a share of GDP. It covers long-term bonds and notes and money market instruments placed on international markets. (Table 12A (international debt amount: all issuers) - Table 12D (international debt amount: governments)) / GDP. End of year data (i.e. December data) are considered for debt securities. GDP is from World Development Indicators. (Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.DM.05

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: rgdpl2

Worker for this variable is usually a census definition based of economically active population. For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: rgdpwok

Price Level of GDP is the PPP over GDP divided by the exchange rate times 100. The PPP of GDP or any component is the national currency value divided by the real value in international dollars. The PPP and the exchange rate are both expressed as national currency units per US dollar.The value of price level of GDP for the United States is made equal to 100. Price Levels of the components Consumption, Investment, and Government are derived in the same way as the price level of GDP. While the U.S. = 100 over GDP, this is not true for the component shares. The purchasing power parity in domestic currency per $US for GDP or any component, may be obtained by dividing the price level by 100 and multiplying by the Exchange Rate. For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: p2

Worker for this variable is usually a census definition based of economically active population. For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: rgdpl2wok

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: rgdpl2pe

Ratio of outstanding offshore bank loans to GDP. An offshore bank is a bank located outside the country of residence of the depositor, typically in a low tax jurisdiction (or tax haven) that provides financial and legal advantages. Ratio of outstanding offshore bank loans to GDP. An offshore bank is a bank located outside the country of residence of the depositor, typically in a low tax jurisdiction (or tax haven) that provides financial and legal advantages. Offshore bank loan data from October 2008 version of BIS Statistical Appendix Table 7A: External loans and deposits of reporting banks vis-à-vis all sectors. Bank for International Settlements) Source Code: GFDD.OI.09

The equivalent measure used here assigns a weight of 1.0 to all persons over 15, and 0.5 for those under age 15. For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: rgdpeqa

Source ID: cgdpe When using these data in your research, please make the following reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

Source ID: cgdpo When using these data in your research, please make the following reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

Source ID: rgdpo When using these data in your research, please make the following reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

Source ID: rgdpe When using these data in your research, please make the following reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

OECD Data Filters: REF_AREA: GBR MEASURE: RS UNIT_MEASURE: IX ACTIVITY: _Z ADJUSTMENT: RT TRANSFORMATION: IX TIME_HORIZ: _Z METHODOLOGY: H FREQ: M All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (year), (dataset name), (data source) DOI or https://data-explorer.oecd.org/ (https://data-explorer.oecd.org/). (accessed on (date)).

Ratio between credit by domestic money banks to the government and state-owned enterprises and GDP. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. IFS line 22A + line 22B + line 22C) / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF). Missing observations are imputed by using GDP growth rates from World Development Indicators, instead of substituting the levels. This approach ensures a smoother GDP series. (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.EI.08

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: rgdpl2th

OECD descriptor ID: NAEXKP05 OECD unit ID: STSA OECD country ID: GBR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: tcgdp

Source ID: csh_r When using these data in your research, please make the following reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

Private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP. Private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions to GDP, calculated using the following deflation method: {(0.5)*[Ft/P_et + Ft-1/P_et-1]}/[GDPt/P_at] where F is credit to the private sector, P_e is end-of period CPI, and P_a is average annual CPI. Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF's International Financial Statistics. Private credit by deposit money banks and other financial institutions (IFS lines 22d and 42d); GDP in local currency (IFS line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF); end-of period CPI (IFS line 64M..ZF or, if not available, 64Q..ZF); and annual CPI (IFS line 64..ZF). (International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics) Source Code: GFDD.DI.12

The ratio of consolidated foreign claims to GDP of the banks that are reporting to BIS. Foreign claims are defined as the sum of cross-border claims plus foreign offices' local claims in all currencies. In the consolidated banking statistics claims that are granted or extended to nonresidents are referred to as either cross-border claims. In the context of the consolidated banking statistics, local claims refer to claims of domestic banks' foreign affiliates (branches/subsidiaries) on the residents of the host country (i.e. country of residence of affiliates). Source Code: GFDD.OI.14

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: rgdpl2te

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: cgdp2

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: kc

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: ki

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: ci

OECD Descriptor ID: NAEXKP07 OECD unit ID: GBP OECD country ID: GBR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: cgdp

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: cc

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: cg

For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: kg

Source ID: pl_gdpo When using these data in your research, please make the following reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

OECD Descriptor ID: NAEXCP05 OECD unit ID: GBP OECD country ID: GBR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission

Source ID: pl_gdpe When using these data in your research, please make the following reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2013), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

This is the current per capita GDP expressed relative to the United State (US=100) in each year. For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: y2

This is the current per capita GDP expressed relative to the United State (US=100) in each year. For more information and proper citation see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/pwt-7.1 Source Indicator: y

Credit is provided by domestic banks, all other sectors of the economy and non-residents. The "private non-financial sector" includes non-financial corporations (both private-owned and public-owned), households and non-profit institutions serving households as defined in the System of National Accounts 2008. The series have quarterly frequency and capture the outstanding amount of credit at the end of the reference quarter. In terms of financial instruments, credit covers loans and debt securities.(1) The combination of different sources and data from various methodological frameworks resulted in breaks in the series. The BIS is therefore, in addition, publishing a second set of series adjusted for breaks, which covers the same time span as the unadjusted series. The break-adjusted series are the result of the BIS's own calculations, and were obtained by adjusting levels through standard statistical techniques described in the special feature on the long credit series of the March 2013 issue of the BIS Quarterly Review at https://www.bis.org/publ/qtrpdf/r_qt1303h.htm. (1) Source Code: Q:GB:P:A:M:770:A (1) Bank for International Settlements. "Long series on credit to private non-financial ://www.bis.org/statistics/credtopriv.htm Copyright, 2016, Bank for International Settlements (BIS). Terms and conditions of use are available at http://www.bis.org/terms_conditions.htm#Copyright_and_Permissions. Unless otherwise specified, series values are market values.

This measure uses a break-adjusted measure of nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Net lending (+)/ borrowing (-) is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core Government Finance Statistics (GFS) balance that measures the extent to which general government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonresidents (net lending), or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors and nonresidents (net borrowing). This balance may be viewed as an indicator of the financial impact of general government activity on the rest of the economy and nonresidents (Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (GFSM 2001), paragraph 4.17). Note: Net lending (+)/borrowing (-) is also equal to net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities. A projection of this data can be found at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GGNLBPGBA188N. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Calendar year average. This measure uses a break-adjusted measure of nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Calendar year average. Great Britain only before 1816. This measure uses a break-adjusted measure of nominal GDP as the denominator Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind the composite series in the relevant worksheets. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce these series in their own work as they represent Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project. For more information, please refer to https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Calendar year average. This measure uses break-adjusted nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

This is a projection of the series General Government Gross Debt for United Kingdom (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GGGDTAGBA188N). Gross debt consists of all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest and/or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. This includes debt liabilities in the form of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), currency and deposits, debt securities, loans, insurance, pensions and standardized guarantee schemes, and other accounts payable. Thus, all liabilities in the Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (GFSM 2001) system are debt, except for equity and investment fund shares and financial derivatives and employee stock options. Debt can be valued at current market, nominal, or face values (GFSM 2001, paragraph 7.110). Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Calendar year average. This measure uses a break-adjusted measure of nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

OECD descriptor ID: BPBLTT01 OECD unit ID: STSA OECD country ID: GBR All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

Source ID: pl_c When using these data in your research, please make the following reference: Feenstra, Robert C., Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer (2015), "The Next Generation of the Penn World Table" American Economic Review, 105(10), 3150-3182, available for download at www.ggdc.net/pwt For more information, see http://www.rug.nl/research/ggdc/data/pwt/.

Calendar year average. This measure uses break-adjusted nominal GDP as the denominator. This series was constructed by the Bank of England as part of the Three Centuries of Macroeconomic Data project by combining data from a number of academic and official sources. For more information, please refer to the Three Centuries spreadsheet at https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/research-datasets. Users are advised to check the underlying assumptions behind this series in the relevant worksheets of the spreadsheet. In many cases alternative assumptions might be appropriate. Users are permitted to reproduce this series in their own work as it represents Bank calculations and manipulations of underlying series that are the copyright of the Bank of England provided that underlying sources are cited appropriately. For appropriate citation please see the Three Centuries spreadsheet for guidance and a list of the underlying sources.

Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

This is a projection of the series General government net lending/borrowing for United Kingdom (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/GGNLBAGBA188N). Net lending (+)/ borrowing (-) is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. This is a core Government Finance Statistics (GFS) balance that measures the extent to which general government is either putting financial resources at the disposal of other sectors in the economy and nonresidents (net lending), or utilizing the financial resources generated by other sectors and nonresidents (net borrowing). This balance may be viewed as an indicator of the financial impact of general government activity on the rest of the economy and nonresidents (Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 (GFSM 2001), paragraph 4.17). Note: Net lending (+)/borrowing (-) is also equal to net acquisition of financial assets minus net incurrence of liabilities. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.