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Line 1 - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
Line 1
(a) Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit, Percent, Not Seasonally Adjusted (DFEDTARU)
This series represents upper limit of the federal funds target range established by the Federal Open Market Committee. The data updated each day is the data effective as of that day.

Select a date that will equal 100 for your custom index:
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    For example, invert an exchange rate by using formula 1/a, where “a” refers to the first FRED data series added to this line. Or calculate the spread between 2 interest rates, a and b, by using the formula a - b.

    Use the assigned data series variables (a, b, c, etc.) together with operators (+, -, *, /, ^, etc.), parentheses and constants (1, 1.5, 2, etc.) to create your own formula (e.g., 1/a, a-b, (a+b)/2, (a/(a+b+c))*100). As noted above, you may add other data series to this line before entering a formula.

    Finally, you can change the units of your new series.

    Select a date that will equal 100 for your custom index:
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    Line 1 - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
    Line 2
    (a) Federal Funds Target Rate (DISCONTINUED), Percent, Not Seasonally Adjusted (DFEDTAR)
    Data for the period prior to 1994 come from the working paper "A New Federal Funds Rate Target Series: September 27, 1982 - December 31, 1993" (Thornton, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2005, http://research.stlouisfed.org/wp/2005/2005-032.pdf). Due to an error in the paper values from April 2, 1986 - April 20, 1986 were adjusted manually to 7.3125%. Data from 1994 to the present are derived from FOMC meeting transcripts and FOMC meeting statements, http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/. Effective December 16, 2008, target rate is reported as a range. Current data at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTARU and https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTARL

    Select a date that will equal 100 for your custom index:
      Enter date as YYYY-MM-DD
    to

    Write a custom formula to transform one or more series or combine two or more series.

    You can begin by adding a series to combine with your existing series.

    Type keywords to search for data

      Now create a custom formula to combine or transform the series.

      For example, invert an exchange rate by using formula 1/a, where “a” refers to the first FRED data series added to this line. Or calculate the spread between 2 interest rates, a and b, by using the formula a - b.

      Use the assigned data series variables (a, b, c, etc.) together with operators (+, -, *, /, ^, etc.), parentheses and constants (1, 1.5, 2, etc.) to create your own formula (e.g., 1/a, a-b, (a+b)/2, (a/(a+b+c))*100). As noted above, you may add other data series to this line before entering a formula.

      Finally, you can change the units of your new series.

      Select a date that will equal 100 for your custom index:
          Enter date as YYYY-MM-DD

      Line 1 - Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
      Line 3
      (a) Federal Funds Effective Rate, Percent, Not Seasonally Adjusted (FEDFUNDS)
      Daily Federal Funds Rate from 1928-1954 (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/categories/33951). The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. When a depository institution has surplus balances in its reserve account, it lends to other banks in need of larger balances. In simpler terms, a bank with excess cash, which is often referred to as liquidity, will lend to another bank that needs to quickly raise liquidity. (1) The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate.(2) The effective federal funds rate is essentially determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target.(2) The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate. As previously stated, this rate influences the effective federal funds rate through open market operations or by buying and selling of government bonds (government debt).(2) More specifically, the Federal Reserve decreases liquidity by selling government bonds, thereby raising the federal funds rate because banks have less liquidity to trade with other banks. Similarly, the Federal Reserve can increase liquidity by buying government bonds, decreasing the federal funds rate because banks have excess liquidity for trade. Whether the Federal Reserve wants to buy or sell bonds depends on the state of the economy. If the FOMC believes the economy is growing too fast and inflation pressures are inconsistent with the dual mandate of the Federal Reserve, the Committee may set a higher federal funds rate target to temper economic activity. In the opposing scenario, the FOMC may set a lower federal funds rate target to spur greater economic activity. Therefore, the FOMC must observe the current state of the economy to determine the best course of monetary policy that will maximize economic growth while adhering to the dual mandate set forth by Congress. In making its monetary policy decisions, the FOMC considers a wealth of economic data, such as: trends in prices and wages, employment, consumer spending and income, business investments, and foreign exchange markets. The federal funds rate is the central interest rate in the U.S. financial market. It influences other interest rates such as the prime rate, which is the rate banks charge their customers with higher credit ratings. Additionally, the federal funds rate indirectly influences longer- term interest rates such as mortgages, loans, and savings, all of which are very important to consumer wealth and confidence.(2) References (1) Federal Reserve Bank of New York. "Federal funds." Fedpoints, August 2007. (2) Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "Monetary Policy (https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy.htm)". For questions on the data, please contact the data source (https://www.federalreserve.gov/apps/ContactUs/feedback.aspx?refurl=/releases/h15/%). For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/contactus/).</p>

      Select a date that will equal 100 for your custom index:
        Enter date as YYYY-MM-DD
      to

      Write a custom formula to transform one or more series or combine two or more series.

      You can begin by adding a series to combine with your existing series.

      Type keywords to search for data

        Now create a custom formula to combine or transform the series.

        For example, invert an exchange rate by using formula 1/a, where “a” refers to the first FRED data series added to this line. Or calculate the spread between 2 interest rates, a and b, by using the formula a - b.

        Use the assigned data series variables (a, b, c, etc.) together with operators (+, -, *, /, ^, etc.), parentheses and constants (1, 1.5, 2, etc.) to create your own formula (e.g., 1/a, a-b, (a+b)/2, (a/(a+b+c))*100). As noted above, you may add other data series to this line before entering a formula.

        Finally, you can change the units of your new series.

        Select a date that will equal 100 for your custom index:
            Enter date as YYYY-MM-DD

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        Line 1
        Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit
        Line details & color

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        Line 2
        Federal Funds Target Rate (DISCONTINUED)
        Line details & color

        Line style, thickness, color and position


        Line 3
        Federal Funds Effective Rate
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        Notes

        Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit  (DFEDTARU)

        Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)  

        Release: FOMC Press Release  

        Units:  Percent, Not Seasonally Adjusted

        Frequency:  Daily, 7-Day

        Notes:

        This series represents upper limit of the federal funds target range established by the Federal Open Market Committee. The data updated each day is the data effective as of that day.

        Suggested Citation:

        Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Federal Funds Target Range - Upper Limit [DFEDTARU], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTARU, April 17, 2025.

        Federal Funds Target Rate (DISCONTINUED)  (DFEDTAR)

        Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)  

        Release: FOMC Press Release  

        Units:  Percent, Not Seasonally Adjusted

        Frequency:  Daily, 7-Day

        Notes:

        Data for the period prior to 1994 come from the working paper "A New Federal Funds Rate Target Series: September 27, 1982 - December 31, 1993" (Thornton, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2005, http://research.stlouisfed.org/wp/2005/2005-032.pdf). Due to an error in the paper values from April 2, 1986 - April 20, 1986 were adjusted manually to 7.3125%. Data from 1994 to the present are derived from FOMC meeting transcripts and FOMC meeting statements, http://www.federalreserve.gov/fomc/.

        Effective December 16, 2008, target rate is reported as a range. Current data at https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTARU and https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTARL

        Suggested Citation:

        Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Federal Funds Target Rate (DISCONTINUED) [DFEDTAR], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/DFEDTAR, April 17, 2025.

        Federal Funds Effective Rate  (FEDFUNDS)

        Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)  

        Release: H.15 Selected Interest Rates  

        Units:  Percent, Not Seasonally Adjusted

        Frequency:  Monthly

        Notes:

        Averages of daily figures.

        For additional historical federal funds rate data, please see Daily Federal Funds Rate from 1928-1954.

        The federal funds rate is the interest rate at which depository institutions trade federal funds (balances held at Federal Reserve Banks) with each other overnight. When a depository institution has surplus balances in its reserve account, it lends to other banks in need of larger balances. In simpler terms, a bank with excess cash, which is often referred to as liquidity, will lend to another bank that needs to quickly raise liquidity. (1) The rate that the borrowing institution pays to the lending institution is determined between the two banks; the weighted average rate for all of these types of negotiations is called the effective federal funds rate.(2) The effective federal funds rate is essentially determined by the market but is influenced by the Federal Reserve through open market operations to reach the federal funds rate target.(2)
        The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) meets eight times a year to determine the federal funds target rate. As previously stated, this rate influences the effective federal funds rate through open market operations or by buying and selling of government bonds (government debt).(2) More specifically, the Federal Reserve decreases liquidity by selling government bonds, thereby raising the federal funds rate because banks have less liquidity to trade with other banks. Similarly, the Federal Reserve can increase liquidity by buying government bonds, decreasing the federal funds rate because banks have excess liquidity for trade. Whether the Federal Reserve wants to buy or sell bonds depends on the state of the economy. If the FOMC believes the economy is growing too fast and inflation pressures are inconsistent with the dual mandate of the Federal Reserve, the Committee may set a higher federal funds rate target to temper economic activity. In the opposing scenario, the FOMC may set a lower federal funds rate target to spur greater economic activity. Therefore, the FOMC must observe the current state of the economy to determine the best course of monetary policy that will maximize economic growth while adhering to the dual mandate set forth by Congress. In making its monetary policy decisions, the FOMC considers a wealth of economic data, such as: trends in prices and wages, employment, consumer spending and income, business investments, and foreign exchange markets.
        The federal funds rate is the central interest rate in the U.S. financial market. It influences other interest rates such as the prime rate, which is the rate banks charge their customers with higher credit ratings. Additionally, the federal funds rate indirectly influences longer- term interest rates such as mortgages, loans, and savings, all of which are very important to consumer wealth and confidence.(2)
        References
        (1) Federal Reserve Bank of New York. "Federal funds." Fedpoints, August 2007.
        (2) Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. "Monetary Policy".

        For questions on the data, please contact the data source. For questions on FRED functionality, please contact us here.

        Suggested Citation:

        Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Federal Funds Effective Rate [FEDFUNDS], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/FEDFUNDS, April 17, 2025.

        Release Tables

        H.15 Selected Interest Rates

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        Other Formats

        Annual, Not Seasonally Adjusted Biweekly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Daily, Not Seasonally Adjusted Daily, Not Seasonally Adjusted Weekly, Not Seasonally Adjusted

        Related Categories

        FRB Rates - discount, fed funds, primary credit Interest Rates Money, Banking, & Finance

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        Tags

        Federal Open Markets Committee Federal Daily Interest Rate Interest Board of Governors Rate Nation Public Domain: Citation Requested Not Seasonally Adjusted United States of America Discontinued St. Louis Fed H.15 Selected Interest Rates Monthly

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