Release Tables

Quarterly Indexes

The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth.

	Name	Q2 2025	Q1 2025	Q2 2024	Units
	Coincident Index	-0.64212 Standard Deviations	-0.08600 Standard Deviations	-0.28705 Standard Deviations	Standard Deviations
	Leading Index	0.16595 Standard Deviations	-0.06312 Standard Deviations	1.41029 Standard Deviations	Standard Deviations
	Real Gross Domestic Product	3.76679 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	-0.65005 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	3.52655 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	Annualized % Chg. from Preceding Period
	Cycle Component	-1.67269 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	-0.21607 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	-0.74266 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	Annualized % Chg. from Preceding Period
	Leading Subcomponent	0.12247 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	-0.04803 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	1.04866 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	Annualized % Chg. from Preceding Period
	Lagging Subcomponent	-1.79516 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	-0.16805 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	-1.79132 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	Annualized % Chg. from Preceding Period
	Trend Component	2.78926 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	2.78858 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	2.78921 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	Annualized % Chg. from Preceding Period
	Irregular Component	2.65022 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	-3.22256 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	1.48000 Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period	Annualized % Chg. from Preceding Period