The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Other Services, Not Elsewhere Classified (12.7)" is a classification of services that includes fees for legal services, employment agencies, etc.; charges for undertaking and other funeral services; payment for the services of estate agents, housing agents, auctioneers, salesroom operators and other intermediaries; payment for photocopies and other reproductions of documents; fees for the issue of birth, marriage and death certificates and other administrative documents; payment for newspaper notices and advertisements; and payment for the services of graphologists, astrologers, private detectives, bodyguards, matrimonial agencies and marriage guidance counselors, public writers, miscellaneous concessions (seats, toilets, cloakrooms), etc. This category excludes following the conventions of ESA 1995, excluded are contributions and dues for membership of professional associations, churches and social, cultural, recreational, and sports clubs (ESA 1995, paragraph 3.77.e). This category is a subcategory of Miscellaneous Goods and Services (12) classification. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Insurance Connected with Health (12.5.3)" is a classification of services that includes service charges for private sickness and accident insurance. The category, Insurance Connected with Health (12.5.3), is a subcategory of the Miscellaneous Goods and Service (12) and of Insurance (12.5). Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Social Protection (12.4)" is a classification of services that covers assistance and support services provided to persons who are elderly, disabled, suffering from occupational injuries and diseases, survivors, unemployed, destitute, homeless, low-income earners, indigenous people, immigrants, refugees, alcohol and substance abusers, etc. It also covers assistance and support services provided to families and children. This category is a subcategory of Miscellaneous Goods and Services (12) classification. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Information Processing Equipment (09.1.3)" is a classification of durable goods that includes personal computers and visual display units, printers, software and miscellaneous accessories accompanying them; calculators, including pocket calculators; typewriters and word processors; and telefax and telephone answering facilities provided by personal computers. This category excludes video-game software (09.3.1), video-game computers that plug into a television set (09.3.1), typewriter ribbons (09.5.4), and slide rules (09.5.4). This category is a subcategory of the Recreation and Culture (09) and of Audio-Visual, Photographic, and Information Processing Equipment (09.1) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category Equipment for the Reception, Recording, and Reproduction of Sound and Pictures (09.1.1) is a classification of durable goods that includes television sets, video-cassette players and recorders, television aerials of all types; radio sets, car radios, radio clocks, two-way radios, and amateur radio receivers and transmitters; and gramophones, tape players and recorders, cassette players and recorders, CD-players, personal stereos, stereo systems and their constituent units (turntables, tuners, amplifiers, speakers, etc.), microphones, and earphones. Equipment for the Reception, Recording, and Reproduction of Sound and Pictures (09.1.1) excludes video cameras, camcorders, and sound-recording cameras (09.1.2). The category, Equipment for the Reception, Recording, and Reproduction of Sound and Pictures (09.1.1), is a subcategory of the Recreation and Culture (09) and of Audio-Visual, Photographic, and Information Processing Equipment (09.1) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source here (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm). Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016 (https://ec.europa.eu/info/legal-notice_en#copyright).

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Recreation and Culture (09)" is a classification of durable goods, nondurable goods, semi-durable goods, and services. This category contains Audio-Visual, Photographic, and Information Processing Equipment (09.1), Other Major Durables for Recreation and Culture (09.2), Other Recreational Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets (09.3), Recreational and Cultural Services (09.4), Newspapers, Books, and Stationery (09.5), and Package Holidays (09.6), categories and all subcategories therein. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Postal Services (08.1)" is a classification of services that includes payments for the delivery of letters, postcards, and parcels; private mail and parcel delivery; all purchases of new postage stamps, pre-franked postcards, and aerogrammes. This category excludes purchase of used or cancelled postage stamps (09.3.1), and financial services of post offices (12.6.2). This category is a subcategory of Communications (08) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Transport (07)" is a classification of durable goods, nondurable goods, semi-durable goods, services, and energy. This category contains Purchase of Vehicles (07.1), Operation of Personal Transport Equipment (07.2), and Transport Services (07.3) categories and all subcategories therein. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Pharmaceutical Products (06.1.1)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes medicinal preparations, medicinal drugs, patent medicines, serums and vaccines, vitamins and minerals, cod liver oil and halibut liver oil, and oral contraceptives. Pharmaceutical Products (06.1.1) excludes veterinary products (09.3.4), articles for personal hygiene such as medicinal soaps (12.1.3). This category is a subcategory of the Health (06) and of Medical Products, Appliances, and Equipment (06.1) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Dental Services (06.2.2)" is a classification of services that includes services of dentists, oral-hygienists, and other dental auxiliaries; and fitting costs of dentures. Dental Services excludes dentures (06.1.3), services of orthodontic specialists (06.2.1), and services of medical analysis laboratories and X-ray centers (06.2.3). This category is a subcategory of the Health (06) and of Out-Patient Services (06.2) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Clothing (03.1)" is a classification of semi-durable goods and services. This category contains the Clothing Materials (03.1.1), Garments (03.1.2), Other Articles of Clothing (03.1.3), and Cleaning, Repair, and Hire of Clothing (03.1.4) subcategories. This is a subcategory of Clothing and Footwear (03) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Water Supply (04.4.1)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes water supply, associated expenditure such as hire of meters, reading of meters, standing charges, etc. This category excludes drinking water sold in bottles or containers (01.2.2) and hot water or steam purchased from district heating plants (04.5.5). This category is a subcategory of the Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) and of Water Supply and Miscellaneous Services Relating to the Dwelling (04.4) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Oils and Fats (01.1.5)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes butter and butter products (butter oil, ghee, etc.); margarine (including "diet" margarine) and other vegetable fats (including peanut butter); edible oils (olive oil, corn oil, sunflower-seed oil, cotton-seed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, walnut oil, etc.); and edible animal fats (lard, etc.). This category excludes cod or halibut liver oil (06.1.1). This is a subcategory of both the Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01) and the Food (01.1) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Transport Services (07.3)" is a classification of services. Purchases of transport services are generally classified by mode of transport. When a ticket covers two or more modes of transport - for example, intra-urban bus and underground or inter-urban train and ferry - and the expenditure cannot be apportioned between them, then such purchases should be classified in (07.3.5). Costs of meals, snacks, drinks, refreshments or accommodation services have to be included if covered by the fare and not separately priced. If separately priced, these costs have to be classified in Division 11. School transport services are included, but ambulance services are excluded (06.2.3). This category contains Passenger Transport by Railway (07.3.1), Passenger Transport by Road (07.3.2), Passenger Transport by Air (07.3.3), Passenger Transport by Sea and Inland Waterway (07.3.4), Combined Passenger Transport (07.3.5), Other Purchased Transport Services (07.3.6). This category is a subcategory of Transport (07) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Food (01.1)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes the goods purchased for consumption at home. Food (01.1) excludes food products sold for immediate consumption away from the home by hotels, restaurants, cafés, bars, kiosks, street vendors, automatic vending machines, etc. (11.1.1), cooked dishes prepared by restaurants for consumption off their premises (11.1.1), cooked dishes prepared by catering contractors whether collected by the customer or delivered to the customer's home (11.1.1), and products sold specifically as pet foods (09.3.4). This category contains the Bread and Cereals (01.1.1), Meat (01.1.2), Fish (01.1.3), Milk, Cheese, and Eggs (01.1.4), Oils and Fats (01.1.5), Fruit (01.1.6), Vegetables (01.1.7), Sugar, Jam, Honey, Chocolate, and Confectionery (01.1.8), and Food Products, Not Elsewhere Classified (01.1.9) subcategories. This is a subcategory Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Furniture and Furnishings, Carpets, and Other Floor Coverings (05.1)" is a classification of durable goods and services. This category contains Furniture and Furnishings (05.1.1), Carpets and Other Floor Coverings (05.1.2), and Repair of Furniture, Furnishings, and Floor Coverings (05.1.3) subcategories. This category is a subcategory of Furnishings, Household Equipment, and Routine Maintenance of the House (05) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category, "Other Recreational Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets (09.3)" is a classification of nondurable and semi-durable goods. The category, Other Recreational Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets (09.3), contains Games, Toys, and Hobbies (09.3.1), Equipment for Sport, Camping and Open-Air Recreation (09.3.2), Gardens, Plants, and Flower (09.3.3), and Pets and Related Products including Veterinary and Other Services for Pets (09.3.4/5). This category is a subcategory of Recreation and Culture (09) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Other Major Durables for Recreation and Culture (09.2)" is a classification of durable goods and services. This category contains Major Durables for Indoor and Outdoor Recreation including Musical Instruments (09.2.1/2) and Maintenance and Repair of Other Major Durables for Recreation and Culture (09.2.3). This category is a subcategory of Recreation and Culture (09) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Other Services Relating to the Dwelling, Not Elsewhere Classified (04.4.4)" is a classification of services that includes co-proprietor charges for caretaking, gardening, stairwell cleaning, heating and lighting, maintenance of lifts and refuse disposal chutes, etc. in multi-occupied buildings; security services; and snow removal and chimney sweeping. This category excludes household services such as window cleaning, disinfecting, fumigation and pest extermination (05.6.2) and bodyguards (12.7.0). This category is a subcategory of the Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) and of Water Supply and Miscellaneous Services Relating to the Dwelling (04.4) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Pets and Related Products; Veterinary and Other Services for Pets (09.3.4/5)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes pets, pet foods, veterinary and grooming products for pets, collars, leashes, kennels, birdcages, fish tanks, cat litter, etc.; veterinary and other services for pets such as grooming, boarding, tattooing, and training. This category excludes horses and ponies (07.1.4) or (09.2.1). This category is a subcategory of the Recreation and Culture (09) and of Other Recreational Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets (09.3) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Mineral Waters, Soft Drinks, Fruit and Vegetable Juice (01.2.2)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes mineral or spring waters; all drinking water sold in containers; soft drinks such as sodas, lemonades, and colas; fruit and vegetable juices; and syrups and concentrates for the preparation of beverages. This category excludes non-alcoholic beverages, which are generally alcoholic such as non-alcoholic beer (02.1). This is a subcategory of both the Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01) and the Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01.2) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Water Supply and Miscellaneous Services Relating to the Dwelling (04.4)" is a classification of nondurable goods and services that refers to separately identifiable charges for specific services relating to the dwelling whether or not consumers pay according to consumption, that is, excluding payments for services financed out of general taxation. This category contains Water Supply (04.4.1), Refuse Collection (04.4.2), Sewerage Collection (04.4.3), and Other Services Relating to the Dwelling, Not Elsewhere Classified (04.4.4) subcategories. This category is a subcategory of Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) classification. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Furnishings, Household Equipment, and Routine Maintenance of the House (05)" is a classification of durable goods, nondurable goods, semi-durable goods, and services. This category contains Furniture and Furnishings, Carpets, and Other Floor Coverings (05.1), Household Textiles (05.2), Household Appliances (05.3), Glassware, Tableware, and Household Utensils (05.4), Tools and Equipment for House and Garden (05.5), and Goods and Services for Routine Household Maintenance (05.6) categories and all subcategories therein. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

OECD descriptor ID: CPGRLE01 OECD unit ID: GP OECD country ID: EU28 All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD,"Main Economic Indicators - complete database"Main Economic Indicators(database)http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en(Accessed on date)Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: CPALTT01 OECD unit ID: GP OECD country ID: OTO All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: CPGRLE01 OECD unit ID: GP OECD country ID: G-7 All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD,"Main Economic Indicators - complete database"Main Economic Indicators(database)http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en(Accessed on date)Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Furniture and Furnishings, Carpets, and Other Floor Coverings (05.1)" is a classification of durable goods and services. This category contains Furniture and Furnishings (05.1.1), Carpets and Other Floor Coverings (05.1.2), and Repair of Furniture, Furnishings, and Floor Coverings (05.1.3) subcategories. This category is a subcategory of Furnishings, Household Equipment, and Routine Maintenance of the House (05) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Services for the Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3.2)" is a classification of services that includes services of plumbers, electricians, carpenters, glaziers, painters, decorators, floor polishers, etc. engaged for minor maintenance and repair of the dwelling and total value of the service (that is, both the cost of labor and the cost of materials are covered). This category excludes separate purchases of materials made by households with the intention of undertaking the maintenance or repair themselves (04.3.1); services engaged for major maintenance and repair (intermediate consumption, not covered by HICP) or for extension and conversion of the dwelling (capital formation, not covered by HICP). This category is a subcategory of the Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) and of Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3). Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category, Other Recreational Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets (09.3) is a classification of nondurable and semi-durable goods. The category, Other Recreational Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets (09.3), contains Games, Toys, and Hobbies (09.3.1), Equipment for Sport, Camping and Open-Air Recreation (09.3.2), Gardens, Plants, and Flower (09.3.3), and Pets and Related Products including Veterinary and Other Services for Pets (09.3.4/5). This category is a subcategory of Recreation and Culture (09) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source here (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm). Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016 (https://ec.europa.eu/info/legal-notice_en#copyright).

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category Other Major Durables for Recreation and Culture (09.2) is a classification of durable goods and services. This category contains Major Durables for Indoor and Outdoor Recreation including Musical Instruments (09.2.1/2) and Maintenance and Repair of Other Major Durables for Recreation and Culture (09.2.3). This category is a subcategory of Recreation and Culture (09) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source here (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm). Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016 (https://ec.europa.eu/info/legal-notice_en#copyright).

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Telephone and Telefax Equipment and Services(08.2/3)" is a classification of services that includes purchases of telephones, radio-telephones, telefax machines, telephone-answering machines, and telephone loudspeakers; repair of such equipment (08.2.0), installation and subscription costs of personal telephone equipment (08.3.0), telephone calls from a private line or from a public line (public telephone box, post office cabin, etc.), telephone calls from hotels, cafés, restaurants, and the like (08.3.0), telegraphy, telex and telefax services (08.3.0), information transmission services; internet connection services (08.3.0), hire of telephones, telefax machines, telephone answering-machines, and telephone loudspeakers (08.3.0), and radiotelephony, radiotelegraphy, and radiotelex services. Telephone and Telefax Equipment and Services (08.2/3) excludes telefax and telephone answering facilities provided by personal computers (09.1.3). Member States able to separate Telephone and Telefax Equipment and Services (08.2/3.0) into goods or services, Telephone and Telefax Equipment (08.2.0) or Telephone and Telefax Services (08.3.0), shall produce Telephone and Telefax Equipment and Telephone and Telefax Services indices as well as the combined index, Telephone and Telefax Equipment and Services (08.2/3.0). The category, Telephone and Telefax Equipment and Services (08.2/3), contains Telephone and Telefax Equipment (08.2) and Telephone and Telefax Services (08.3). This category is a subcategory of Communications (08) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Materials for the Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3.1)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes products and materials, such as paints and varnishes, renderings, wallpapers, fabric wall coverings, window panes, plaster, cement, putty, wallpaper pastes, etc., purchased for minor maintenance and repair of the dwelling; small plumbing items (pipes, taps, joints, etc.); and surfacing materials (floor boards, ceramic tiles, etc.). This category excludes fitted carpets and linoleum (05.1.2); hand tools, door fittings, power sockets, wiring flex, and lamp bulbs (05.5.2); brooms, scrubbing brushes, dusting brushes, and cleaning products (05.6.1); and products, materials, and fixtures used for major maintenance, and repair (intermediate consumption, not covered by HICP) or for extension and conversion of the dwelling (capital formation, not covered by HICP). This category is a subcategory of the Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) and of Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Furnishings, Household Equipment, and Routine Maintenance of the House (05)" is a classification of durable goods, nondurable goods, semi-durable goods, and services. This category contains Furniture and Furnishings, Carpets, and Other Floor Coverings (05.1), Household Textiles (05.2), Household Appliances (05.3), Glassware, Tableware, and Household Utensils (05.4), Tools and Equipment for House and Garden (05.5), and Goods and Services for Routine Household Maintenance (05.6) categories and all subcategories therein. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Non-energy Industrial Goods, Semi-Durables Only (IGOODSXESD)" is a classification of semi-durable goods that includes Clothing Materials (03.1.1), Garments (03.1.2), Other Articles of Clothing and Clothing Accessories (03.1.3), Shoes and Other Footwear including Repair and Hire of Footwear (03.2.1/2), Household Textiles (05.2), Glassware, Tableware, and Household Utensils (05.4), Major Tools and Equipment and Small Tools and Miscellaneous Accessories (05.5.1/2), Spare Parts and Accessories for Personal Transport Equipment (07.2.1), Recording Media (09.1.4), Games, Toys, and Hobbies (09.3.1), Equipment for Sport, Camping, and Open-Air Recreation (09.3.2), Books (09.5.1), Other Personal Effects (12.3.2). Information provided in the notes pertaining to Special Aggregates HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Furniture and Furnishings, Carpets, and Other Floor Coverings (05.1)" is a classification of durable goods and services. This category contains Furniture and Furnishings (05.1.1), Carpets and Other Floor Coverings (05.1.2), and Repair of Furniture, Furnishings, and Floor Coverings (05.1.3) subcategories. This category is a subcategory of Furnishings, Household Equipment, and Routine Maintenance of the House (05) category. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Mineral Waters, Soft Drinks, Fruit and Vegetable Juice (01.2.2)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes mineral or spring waters; all drinking water sold in containers; soft drinks such as sodas, lemonades, and colas; fruit and vegetable juices; and syrups and concentrates for the preparation of beverages. This category excludes non-alcoholic beverages, which are generally alcoholic such as non-alcoholic beer (02.1). This is a subcategory of both the Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01) and the Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01.2) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Equipment for Sport, Camping, and Open-Air Recreation (09.3.2)" is a classification of semi-durable goods that includes gymnastic, physical education, and sport equipment such as balls, shuttlecocks, nets, rackets, bats, skis, golf clubs, foils, sabres, poles, weights, discuses, javelins, dumb-bells, chest expanders, and other body-building equipment; parachutes and other sky-diving equipment; firearms and ammunition for hunting, sport and personal protection; fishing rods and other equipment for fishing; equipment for beach and open-air games such as bowls, croquet, frisbee, volleyball and inflatable boats, rafts, and swimming pools; camping equipment such as tents and accessories, sleeping bags, back-packs, air mattresses and inflating pumps, camping stoves, and barbecues; repair of such articles; game-specific footwear (ski boots, football boots, golfing shoes, and other such footwear fitted with ice skates, rollers, spikes, studs, etc.), protective headgear for sports; and other protective gear for sports such as life jackets, boxing gloves, body padding, shin-guards, goggles, belts, supports, etc. This category excludes crash helmets for motor cycles and bicycles (03.1.3), and camping and garden furniture (05.1.1). This category is a subcategory of the Recreation and Culture (09) and of Other Recreational Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets (09.3) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Materials for the Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3.1)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes products and materials, such as paints and varnishes, renderings, wallpapers, fabric wall coverings, window panes, plaster, cement, putty, wallpaper pastes, etc., purchased for minor maintenance and repair of the dwelling; small plumbing items (pipes, taps, joints, etc.); and surfacing materials (floor boards, ceramic tiles, etc.). This category excludes fitted carpets and linoleum (05.1.2); hand tools, door fittings, power sockets, wiring flex, and lamp bulbs (05.5.2); brooms, scrubbing brushes, dusting brushes, and cleaning products (05.6.1); and products, materials, and fixtures used for major maintenance, and repair (intermediate consumption, not covered by HICP) or for extension and conversion of the dwelling (capital formation, not covered by HICP). This category is a subcategory of the Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) and of Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Liquid Fuels and Fuels and Lubricants for Personal Transport Equipment (FUELS)" is a classification of nondurable goods and energy that includes Liquid Fuels (04.5.3) and Fuels and Lubricants for Personal Transport Equipment (07.2.2). Information provided in the notes pertaining to Special Aggregates HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Furnishings, Household Equipment, and Routine Maintenance of the House (05)" is a classification of durable goods, nondurable goods, semi-durable goods, and services. This category contains Furniture and Furnishings, Carpets, and Other Floor Coverings (05.1), Household Textiles (05.2), Household Appliances (05.3), Glassware, Tableware, and Household Utensils (05.4), Tools and Equipment for House and Garden (05.5), and Goods and Services for Routine Household Maintenance (05.6) categories and all subcategories therein. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Spares Parts and Accessories for Personal Transport Equipment (07.2.1)" is a classification of semi-durable goods that includes tires (new, used, or retreaded), inner tubes, spark plugs, batteries, shock absorbers, filters, pumps, and other spare parts or accessories for personal transport equipment; and products specifically for the cleaning and maintenance of transport equipment such as paints, chrome cleaners, sealing compounds, and bodywork polishes; covers for motor cars, motor cycles, etc. This category excludes crash helmets for motor cycles and bicycles (03.1.3), non-specific products for cleaning and maintenance such as distilled water, household sponges, chamois leathers, detergents, etc. (05.6.1), charges for the fitting of spare parts and accessories and for the painting, washing, and polishing of bodywork (07.2.3), radio-telephones (08.2.0), car radios (09.1.1), and baby-seats for cars (12.3.2). The category, Spare Parts and Accessories for Personal Transport Equipment (07.2.1), is a subcategory of the Transport (07) and of Operation of Personal Transport Equipment (07.2) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Other Services in respect of Personal Transport Equipment (07.2.4)" is a classification of services that includes hire of garages or parking spaces not providing parking in connection with the dwelling; toll facilities (bridges, tunnels, shuttle-ferries, motorways) and parking meters; driving lessons, driving tests, and driving licenses; road worthiness tests; and hire of personal transport equipment without drivers. Following the conventions of ESA 1995, included are payments by households for licenses, permits, etc. which are regarded as purchases of services from government (ESA 1995, paragraph 3.76.h). In that case the government issues licenses as a part of some regulatory function, such as checking the competence, or qualifications, of the persons concerned (ESA 1995, paragraph 4.80.d and its footnote). This category excludes hire of a car with driver (07.3.2), and service charges for insurance in respect of personal transport equipment (12.5.4). This category is a subcategory of the Transport (07) and of Operation of Personal Transport Equipment (07.2) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Water Supply and Miscellaneous Services Relating to the Dwelling (04.4)" is a classification of nondurable goods and services that refers to separately identifiable charges for specific services relating to the dwelling whether or not consumers pay according to consumption, that is, excluding payments for services financed out of general taxation. This category contains Water Supply (04.4.1), Refuse Collection (04.4.2), Sewerage Collection (04.4.3), and Other Services Relating to the Dwelling, Not Elsewhere Classified (04.4.4) subcategories. This category is a subcategory of Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) classification. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Equipment for Sport, Camping, and Open-Air Recreation (09.3.2)" is a classification of semi-durable goods that includes gymnastic, physical education, and sport equipment such as balls, shuttlecocks, nets, rackets, bats, skis, golf clubs, foils, sabres, poles, weights, discuses, javelins, dumb-bells, chest expanders, and other body-building equipment; parachutes and other sky-diving equipment; firearms and ammunition for hunting, sport and personal protection; fishing rods and other equipment for fishing; equipment for beach and open-air games such as bowls, croquet, frisbee, volleyball and inflatable boats, rafts, and swimming pools; camping equipment such as tents and accessories, sleeping bags, back-packs, air mattresses and inflating pumps, camping stoves, and barbecues; repair of such articles; game-specific footwear (ski boots, football boots, golfing shoes, and other such footwear fitted with ice skates, rollers, spikes, studs, etc.), protective headgear for sports; and other protective gear for sports such as life jackets, boxing gloves, body padding, shin-guards, goggles, belts, supports, etc. This category excludes crash helmets for motor cycles and bicycles (03.1.3), and camping and garden furniture (05.1.1). This category is a subcategory of the Recreation and Culture (09) and of Other Recreational Items and Equipment, Gardens and Pets (09.3) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Services for the Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3.2)" is a classification of services that includes services of plumbers, electricians, carpenters, glaziers, painters, decorators, floor polishers, etc. engaged for minor maintenance and repair of the dwelling and total value of the service (that is, both the cost of labor and the cost of materials are covered). This category excludes separate purchases of materials made by households with the intention of undertaking the maintenance or repair themselves (04.3.1); services engaged for major maintenance and repair (intermediate consumption, not covered by HICP) or for extension and conversion of the dwelling (capital formation, not covered by HICP). This category is a subcategory of the Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) and of Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3). Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Services Related to Recreation, Including Repairs and Personal Care (SERVRP)" is a classification of services that includes Cleaning, Repair, and Hire of Clothing (03.1.4), Repair of Audio-Visual, Photographic, and Information Processing Equipment (09.1.5), Maintenance and Repair of Other Major Durables for Recreation and Culture (09.2.3), Recreational and Sporting Services (09.4.1), Cultural Services (09.4.2), Package Holidays (09.6), Restaurants, cafés, and the Like (11.1.1), Canteens (11.1.2), Accommodation Services (11.2), and Hairdressing Salons and Personal Grooming Establishments (12.1.1). Information provided in the notes pertaining to Special Aggregates HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Cleaning, Repair, and Hire of Clothing (03.1.4)" is a classification of services that includes dry-cleaning, laundering, and dyeing of garments; darning, mending, repair, and altering of garments; hire of garments; total value of the repair service (that is, both the cost of labor and the cost of materials are covered). This category excludes materials, threads, accessories, etc. purchased by households with the intention of undertaking the repairs themselves (03.1.1) or (03.1.3); repair of household linen and other household textiles (05.2.0); and dry-cleaning, laundering, dyeing, and hiring of household linen, and other household textiles (05.6.2). This category is a subcategory of the Clothing and Footwear (03) and of the Clothing (03.1). Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Mineral Waters, Soft Drinks, Fruit and Vegetable Juice (01.2.2)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes mineral or spring waters; all drinking water sold in containers; soft drinks such as sodas, lemonades, and colas; fruit and vegetable juices; and syrups and concentrates for the preparation of beverages. This category excludes non-alcoholic beverages, which are generally alcoholic such as non-alcoholic beer (02.1). This is a subcategory of both the Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01) and the Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01.2) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Other Services Relating to the Dwelling, Not Elsewhere Classified (04.4.4)" is a classification of services that includes co-proprietor charges for caretaking, gardening, stairwell cleaning, heating and lighting, maintenance of lifts and refuse disposal chutes, etc. in multi-occupied buildings; security services; and snow removal and chimney sweeping. This category excludes household services such as window cleaning, disinfecting, fumigation and pest extermination (05.6.2) and bodyguards (12.7.0). This category is a subcategory of the Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) and of Water Supply and Miscellaneous Services Relating to the Dwelling (04.4) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category Services Related to Recreation, Including Repairs and Personal Care (SERVRP) is a classification of services that includes Cleaning, Repair, and Hire of Clothing (03.1.4), Repair of Audio-Visual, Photographic, and Information Processing Equipment (09.1.5), Maintenance and Repair of Other Major Durables for Recreation and Culture (09.2.3), Recreational and Sporting Services (09.4.1), Cultural Services (09.4.2), Package Holidays (09.6), Restaurants, cafés, and the Like (11.1.1), Canteens (11.1.2), Accommodation Services (11.2), and Hairdressing Salons and Personal Grooming Establishments (12.1.1). Information provided in the notes pertaining to Special Aggregates HICP classifications can be found from the source here (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm). Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016 (https://ec.europa.eu/info/legal-notice_en#copyright).

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Processed Food Including Alcohol and Tobacco (FOODPROC)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes Bread and Cereals (01.1.1), Milk, Cheese, and Eggs (01.1.4), Oils and Fats (01.1.5), Sugar, Jam, Honey, Chocolate, and Confectionery (01.1.8), Food Products, Not Elsewhere Classified (01.1.9), Coffee, Tea, and Cocoa (01.2.1), Mineral Waters, Soft Drinks, Fruit and Vegetable Juices (01.2.2), Spirits (02.1.1), Wine (02.1.2), Beer (02.1.3), and Tobacco (02.2.0). Information provided in the notes pertaining to Special Aggregates HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category Other Services in respect of Personal Transport Equipment (07.2.4) is a classification of services that includes hire of garages or parking spaces not providing parking in connection with the dwelling; toll facilities (bridges, tunnels, shuttle-ferries, motorways) and parking meters; driving lessons, driving tests, and driving licenses; road worthiness tests; and hire of personal transport equipment without drivers. Following the conventions of ESA 1995, included are payments by households for licenses, permits, etc. which are regarded as purchases of services from government (ESA 1995, paragraph 3.76.h). In that case the government issues licenses as a part of some regulatory function, such as checking the competence, or qualifications, of the persons concerned (ESA 1995, paragraph 4.80.d and its footnote). This category excludes hire of a car with driver (07.3.2), and service charges for insurance in respect of personal transport equipment (12.5.4). This category is a subcategory of the Transport (07) and of Operation of Personal Transport Equipment (07.2) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source here (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm). Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016 (https://ec.europa.eu/info/legal-notice_en#copyright).

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Water Supply and Miscellaneous Services Relating to the Dwelling (04.4)" is a classification of nondurable goods and services that refers to separately identifiable charges for specific services relating to the dwelling whether or not consumers pay according to consumption, that is, excluding payments for services financed out of general taxation. This category contains Water Supply (04.4.1), Refuse Collection (04.4.2), Sewerage Collection (04.4.3), and Other Services Relating to the Dwelling, Not Elsewhere Classified (04.4.4) subcategories. This category is a subcategory of Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) classification. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Services for the Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3.2)" is a classification of services that includes services of plumbers, electricians, carpenters, glaziers, painters, decorators, floor polishers, etc. engaged for minor maintenance and repair of the dwelling and total value of the service (that is, both the cost of labor and the cost of materials are covered). This category excludes separate purchases of materials made by households with the intention of undertaking the maintenance or repair themselves (04.3.1); services engaged for major maintenance and repair (intermediate consumption, not covered by HICP) or for extension and conversion of the dwelling (capital formation, not covered by HICP). This category is a subcategory of the Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas, and Other Fuels (04) and of Maintenance and Repair of the Dwelling (04.3). Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

The Harmonized Index of Consumer Prices category "Sugar, Jam, Honey, Chocolate, and Confectionery (01.1.8)" is a classification of nondurable goods that includes cane or beet sugar, unrefined or refined sugar, powdered sugar, crystallized sugar, or sugar lumps; jams, marmalades, compotes, jellies, fruit purees and pastes, natural and artificial honey, maple syrup, molasses and parts of plants preserved in sugar; chocolate in bars or slabs, chewing gum, sweets, toffees, pastilles, and other confectionery products; cocoa-based foods and cocoa-based dessert preparations; edible ice, ice cream, and sorbet; and artificial sugar substitutes. This category excludes cocoa and chocolate-based powder (01.2.1). This is a subcategory of both the Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages (01) and the Food (01.1) categories. Information provided in the notes pertaining to HICP classifications can be found from the source at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/cache/metadata/en/prc_hicp_esms.htm. Copyright, European Union, 1995-2016, http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm#copyright.

OECD descriptor ID: CPGDFD02 OECD unit ID: GP OECD country ID: OEU All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD, "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date) Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.

OECD descriptor ID: CPHP0404 OECD unit ID: GP OECD country ID: EU28All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD,"Main Economic Indicators - complete database"Main Economic Indicators(database)http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en(Accessed on date)Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission.