Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1878-1914 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1946 (3)--Original Data, 1947-1970. Figures Reflect End Of Month Data. Data Exclude Active Portion Of Exchange Stable Fund. Source: Data For 1878-June 1907: Estimated From Monthly Series In Reports Of The Treasurer, 1891, Pp. 159 And Following; 1878, Pp. 109 And Following; 1903, Pp. 205 And Following; 1909, Pp. 190 And Following; 1915, Pp. 339 And Following; Also Annual Reports Of The Director Of The Mint, 1887, P. 86; 1907, Pp. 87 And 92. Data For July 1907-1914: U.S. Treasury Department, "Circulation Statement Of U.S. Money", Monthly. This NBER data series m14076a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14076a

Series Is Presented Here As Three Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1878-1914 (2)--Original Data, 1914-1946 (3)--Original Data, 1947-1970. Figures For 1914-July 1917 Are End Of Month Data. Data For August 1917-1946 Are Monthly Averages Of Daily Figures. Figures In This Variable Differ From Those In Previous Variables Covering 1878-1914 By The Amount Of Revision Made To Exclude Gold Coin Outside The Treasury And Federal Reserve Banks, Estimated To Be $287,000,000. Between January 31, 1934 And February 1, 1934, The Gold Stock Was Increased 2.98 Billion Dollars, Of Which 2.81 Billion Was The Increment Resulting From Reduction In The Weight Of The Gold Dollar And The Remainder Was Gold Which Had Been Purchased By The Treasury Previously But Not Added To The Gold Stock. Source: Federal Reserve Board, Banking And Monetary Statistics; Federal Reserve Bulletins. This NBER data series m14076b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14076b

This series has been discontinued as a result of the comprehensive restructuring of the international economic accounts (https://apps.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2014/07%20July/0714_annual_international_transactions_accounts.pdf). For a crosswalk of the old and new series in FRED see: http://research.stlouisfed.org/CompRevisionReleaseID49.xlsx.

This series has been discontinued as a result of the comprehensive restructuring of the international economic accounts (https://apps.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2014/07%20July/0714_annual_international_transactions_accounts.pdf). For a crosswalk of the old and new series in FRED see: http://research.stlouisfed.org/CompRevisionReleaseID49.xlsx.

This series has been discontinued as a result of the comprehensive restructuring of the international economic accounts (https://apps.bea.gov/scb/pdf/2014/07%20July/0714_annual_international_transactions_accounts.pdf). For a crosswalk of the old and new series in FRED see: http://research.stlouisfed.org/CompRevisionReleaseID49.xlsx.

Data For 1915-1920 Represent End Of Month Totals. Data Beginning In 1934 Were Computed By NBER By Subtracting"Other Cash" From Total Cash Reserves. Beginning In June 1944,"Other Cash" Is Listed Separately By The Source And No Longer Needs To Be Subtracted From Total Reserves. Source: Federal Reserve Board, Data For 1914-1933 And 1935-1937: Annual Report, 1926, Pp. 43-45 And Successive Reports. Data For 1934 And 1938-1949: Federal Reserve Bulletins. This NBER data series m14062 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 14 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter14.html. NBER Indicator: m14062

BEA Account Code: B1095C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1243C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1233C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1091C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: A2031C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

BEA Account Code: B1087C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

Data Are Described In The Jahrbuch As "Summe Der Umsatze," Which Includes Gutschriften And Lastschriften (Credit And Debit Transactions). Original Figures Exclude Bavaria And Wurttemberg. Annual Figures For All Of Germany Provide Ratios For Raising These Original Figures To The Level Of All Germany. Ratios Used: 1909-120.1, 1910-118.4, 1911-117.5, And 1912-117.1. Data For 1923 Were Not Published,"Fur 1923 Sind Keine Zahlen Bekanntgegeben." Source: 1909- 1912 Data Were Computed By NBER From Data Provided By Statistiches Amt. Wirtschaft Und Statistik Is The Source For 1914-1935 Data. This NBER data series m12028 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 12 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter12.html. NBER Indicator: m12028

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

Notes regarding this series can be found in International Financial Statistics Yearbooks produced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). We have requested these publications from the IMF. Notes on this series will populate once they become available. Copyright © 2016, International Monetary Fund. Reprinted with permission. Complete terms of use and contact details are available at http://www.imf.org/external/terms.htm.

The Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/status-report-government-gold-reserve/u-s-treasury-owned-gold) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata. Deep Storage is the portion of the U.S. Government-owned gold bullion reserve which the Mint secures in sealed vaults that are examined annually by the Treasury Department's Office of the Inspector General and consists primarily of gold bars.

The Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/status-report-government-gold-reserve/u-s-treasury-owned-gold) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata.

The Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/status-report-government-gold-reserve/u-s-treasury-owned-gold) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata. Deep Storage is the portion of the U.S. Government-owned gold bullion reserve which the Mint secures in sealed vaults that are examined annually by the Treasury Department's Office of the Inspector General and consists primarily of gold bars.

The Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/status-report-government-gold-reserve/u-s-treasury-owned-gold) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata. Deep Storage is the portion of the U.S. Government-owned gold bullion reserve which the Mint secures in sealed vaults that are examined annually by the Treasury Department's Office of the Inspector General and consists primarily of gold bars.

The Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/status-report-government-gold-reserve/u-s-treasury-owned-gold) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata.

The Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/status-report-government-gold-reserve/u-s-treasury-owned-gold) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata.

The Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/status-report-government-gold-reserve/u-s-treasury-owned-gold) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata.

The Status Report of U.S. Government Gold Reserve (https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/status-report-government-gold-reserve/u-s-treasury-owned-gold) can be found on FiscalData and is available for download in multiple machine-readable formats with complete metadata. Working Stock is the portion of the U.S. Government gold reserve which the Mint uses as the raw material for minting congressionally authorized coins and consists of bars, blanks, unsold coins and condemned coins. The gold reserve held by the Department of the Treasury is partially offset by a liability for gold certificates issued to the Federal Reserve Banks at the statutory rate, which the Treasury may redeem at any time.

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables -- (1)-- Original Data, 1879-1919, (2)--Original Data, 1913-1936. Coal Tax Imposed 08/1917. Tax Abolished 10/1923. Source: 1913-1923: Wirtschift Und Stat. 1925 "Lahlen Zur Geldentwertung" P. 26; Vierhljahrshefle Zur Statistik. This NBER data series m04101b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04101b

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are shares of trusts that hold portfolios of stocks designed to closely track the price performance and yield of specific indices. Copyright, 2016, Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs) are shares of trusts that hold portfolios of stocks designed to closely track the price performance and yield of specific indices. Copyright, 2016, Chicago Board Options Exchange, Inc. Reprinted with permission.

For more information, please see the Import/Export Price Indexes web site at https://www.bls.gov/mxp/

For more information, please see the Import/Export Price Indexes web site at https://www.bls.gov/mxp/

For more information, please see the Import/Export Price Indexes web site at https://www.bls.gov/mxp/

For more information, please see the Import/Export Price Indexes web site at https://www.bls.gov/mxp/

For more information, please see the Import/Export Price Indexes web site at https://www.bls.gov/mxp/

The industrial production (IP) index measures the real output of all relevant establishments located in the United States, regardless of their ownership, but not those located in U.S. territories. For more information, see the explanatory notes (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/About.htm) issued by the Board of Governors. For recent updates, see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/g17.html) issued by the Board of Governors NAICS: 21222 Source Code: IP.G21222.A

The industrial production (IP) index measures the real output of all relevant establishments located in the United States, regardless of their ownership, but not those located in U.S. territories. For more information, see the explanatory notes (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/About.htm) issued by the Board of Governors. For recent updates, see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/g17.html) issued by the Board of Governors NAICS: 21222 Source Code: IP.G21222.S.Q

The industrial production (IP) index measures the real output of all relevant establishments located in the United States, regardless of their ownership, but not those located in U.S. territories. For more information, see the explanatory notes (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/About.htm) issued by the Board of Governors. For recent updates, see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/g17.html) issued by the Board of Governors NAICS: 21222 Source Code: IP.G21222.N

The industrial production (IP) index measures the real output of all relevant establishments located in the United States, regardless of their ownership, but not those located in U.S. territories. For more information, see the explanatory notes (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/About.htm) issued by the Board of Governors. For recent updates, see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/g17.html) issued by the Board of Governors NAICS: 21222 Source Code: IP.G21222.S

The industrial production (IP) index measures the real output of all relevant establishments located in the United States, regardless of their ownership, but not those located in U.S. territories. For more information, see the explanatory notes (https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/About.htm) issued by the Board of Governors. For recent updates, see the announcements (https://www.federalreserve.gov/feeds/g17.html) issued by the Board of Governors NAICS: 21222 Source Code: IP.G21222.N.Q