Federal Reserve Economic Data: Your trusted data source since 1991

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: NL Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: HR Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CP_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: ES Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q1 2024 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MEUR Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: EU27_2020 Euro/ECU series is expressed in euro from January 1, 1999 till present. Prior to December 31, 1998, synthetic exchange rate of the national currency to European Community Unit (ECU) is used to adjust for market exchange rate movements. European Union (27 countries from 2020) represents the 2020 reduction in the European Union countries due to the departure of the United Kindom. European Union (27 countries): Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia. Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: BE Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Hungarian Forints, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: HU Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q1 2024 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: EU27_2020 European Union (27 countries from 2020) represents the 2020 reduction in the European Union countries due to the departure of the United Kindom. European Union (27 countries): Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia. Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1996 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: NL Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q1 2024 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: IE Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Danish Krone, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: DK Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: PT Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Polish Zloty, Quarterly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: PL Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1990 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: FI Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q1 2024 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: EA19 Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1975 to Q1 2024 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CP_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: FR Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CP_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: EU27_2020 European Union (27 countries from 2020) represents the 2020 reduction in the European Union countries due to the departure of the United Kindom. European Union (27 countries): Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Greece, Spain, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Austria, Finland, Sweden, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, and Croatia. Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CP_MEUR Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: EA19 Euro/ECU series is expressed in euro from January 1, 1999 till present. Prior to December 31, 1998, synthetic exchange rate of the national currency to European Community Unit (ECU) is used to adjust for market exchange rate movements. Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1978 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: NO Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2019 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: EU28 Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Swedish Krona, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1993 to Q1 2024 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: SE Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1991 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CP_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: DE Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q1 2024 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MEUR Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: EA19 Euro/ECU series is expressed in euro from January 1, 1999 till present. Prior to December 31, 1998, synthetic exchange rate of the national currency to European Community Unit (ECU) is used to adjust for market exchange rate movements. Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1995 to Q4 2023 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: ES Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Millions of Chained 2010 Euros, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1975 to Q1 2024 (Apr 30)

    Eurostat unit ID: CLV10_MNAC Eurostat item ID: B1GQ Eurostat country ID: FR Copyright, European Union, http://ec.europa.eu, 1995-2016. Complete terms of use are available at https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm (https://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm).

  • Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1960 to Q1 2024 (Apr 29)

    The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The irregular component of GDP is expressed in annualized real GDP growth equivalent units. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMIR (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMIR)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the monthly series. For more details, see also: Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-letter/2019/422), Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422 Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1), Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

  • Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1960 to Q1 2024 (Apr 29)

    The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The trend component of GDP is expressed in annualized real GDP growth equivalent units. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMTRD (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMTRD)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the monthly series. For more details, see also: Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-letter/2019/422), Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422 Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1), Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

  • Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1960 to Q1 2024 (Apr 29)

    The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The cycle component of GDP is expressed in annualized real GDP growth equivalent units. The cycle component is the sum of the leading and lagging subcomponents. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMCY (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMCY)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the monthly series. For more details, see also: ave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-letter/2019/422), Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422 Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1), Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

  • Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1960 to Q1 2024 (Apr 29)

    The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The lagging subcomponent of the cycle expressed in annualized real GDP growth equivalent units. The cycle component is the sum of the leading and lagging subcomponents. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMCLA (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMCLA)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the monthly series. For more details, see also: Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-letter/2019/422), Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422 Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1), Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

  • Standard Deviations, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1960 to Q1 2024 (Apr 29)

    The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The BBK Coincident Index is the sum of the leading and lagging subcomponents of the cycle measured in standard deviation units from trend real GDP growth. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMCOIX (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMCOIX)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the monthly series. For more details, see also: Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-letter/2019/422), Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422 Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1), Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

  • Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1960 to Q1 2024 (Apr 29)

    The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The BBK Monthly GDP Growth is indexed to the quarterly estimates of real GDP growth from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis and consists of three components: cycle, trend, and irregular components. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMGDP (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMGDP)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the monthly series. For more details, see also: Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-letter/2019/422), Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422 Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1), Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

  • Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1960 to Q1 2024 (Apr 29)

    The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The leading subcomponent of the cycle is expressed in annualized real GDP growth equivalent units. The cycle component is the sum of the leading and lagging subcomponents. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMCLE (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMCLE)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the monthly series. For more details, see also: Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-letter/2019/422), Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422 Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1), Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

  • Standard Deviations, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1960 to Q1 2024 (Apr 29)

    The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth. The BBK Leading Index is the leading subcomponent of the cycle measured in standard deviation units from trend real GDP growth. This quarterly series is aggregated from the monthly version of the series (BBKMLEIX (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMLEIX)), using the triangle average described in Brave, Butters, and Kelley (2019) (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1) to approximate quarterly annualized (log) percent changes from the monthly series. For more details, see also: Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/chicago-fed-letter/2019/422), Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422 Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity (https://www.chicagofed.org/publications/economic-perspectives/2019/1), Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

  • +1 or 0, Quarterly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Q4 1967 to Q4 2023 (Apr 25)

    The series assigns dates to U.S. recessions based on a mathematical model of the way that recessions differ from expansions. Whereas the NBER business cycle dates are based on a subjective assessment of a variety of indicators, the dates here are entirely mechanical and are calculated solely from historically reported GDP data. Whenever the GDP-based recession indicator index rises above 67%, the economy is determined to be in a recession. The date that the recession is determined to have begun is the first quarter prior to that date for which the inference from the mathematical model using all data available at that date would have been above 50%. The next time the GDP-based recession indicator index falls below 33%, the recession is determined to be over, and the last quarter of the recession is the first quarter for which the inference from the mathematical model using all available data at that date would have been below 50%. For more information about this series visit http://econbrowser.com/recession-index.

  • Percentage Points, Quarterly, Not Seasonally Adjusted Q4 1967 to Q4 2023 (Apr 25)

    This index measures the probability that the U.S. economy was in a recession during the indicated quarter. It is based on a mathematical description of the way that recessions differ from expansions. The index corresponds to the probability (measured in percent) that the underlying true economic regime is one of recession based on the available data. Whereas the NBER business cycle dates are based on a subjective assessment of a variety of indicators that may not be released until several years after the event, this index is entirely mechanical, is based solely on currently available GDP data and is reported every quarter. Due to the possibility of data revisions and the challenges in accurately identifying the business cycle phase, the index is calculated for the quarter just preceding the most recently available GDP numbers. Once the index is calculated for that quarter, it is never subsequently revised. The value at every date was inferred using only data that were available one quarter after that date and as those data were reported at the time. If the value of the index rises above 67% that is a historically reliable indicator that the economy has entered a recession. Once this threshold has been passed, if it falls below 33% that is a reliable indicator that the recession is over. For more information about this series visit http://econbrowser.com/recession-index.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A822RJ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A825RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A862RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A957RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A991RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A823RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A829RS For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A937RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A957RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A997RY For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A824RS For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A829RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A957RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A988RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1967 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A716RG For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A725RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1958 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A771RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A788RY For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A801RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Index 2017=100, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Q1 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A725RA For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Billions of Dollars, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q1 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A729RC For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1958 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A756RZ For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A788RV For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percentage Points at Annual Rate, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A798RS For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A808RL For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

  • Percent Change from Preceding Period, Quarterly, Seasonally Adjusted Annual Rate Q2 1947 to Q1 2024 (Apr 25)

    BEA Account Code: A681RV For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.


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