Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1920-1948 (2)--Original Data, 1932-1959. The Bls Series Is Considered To Be Slightly Different In Industry Coverage. Source: For June, 1920 To June, 1936, National Industrial Conference Board, "Wages, Hours, And Employment In The United States, 1914-1936", (No. 229, 1936); For July, 1936 To December, 1937, Supplement To Conference Board Service Letter, June, 1938; For 1938, Conference Board Economic Record, March 28, 1940; From 1939 To April 1943, The Conference Board Management Record, June, 1943; For May, 1943 To July, 1948, Conference Board Management Record And Subsequent Issues. This NBER data series m08210a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08210a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1920-1948 (2)--Original Data, 1932-1959. Source: For 1932-1952, Bureau Of Labor Statistics, Employment, Hours, And Earnings, Manufacturing Division, Primary Metal Industries (Sic Group 331):"Blast, Furnaces, Steel Work, And Rolling Mills", Releases (February, 1953) And (May, 1955), Not Numbered; For 1953-1959, June, 1956 And July, 1958 Releases (Pp. 202-203A In Summary Tabulation), Monthly Labor Review, And"Employment And Earnings", This NBER data series m08210b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08210b

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1894-1947 (2)--Original Data, 1947-1958. Prices Are As Of First Tuesday Each Month (See Bls Bulletins Through 1916) Through 1917. Beginning In 1918, The Average Of Weekly Quotations Is Given. Prices Are For "Box Annealed, Cold-Rolled, U.S. Standard, No.27." Quarterly Figures Are Averages Of The Respective Months. Beginning In 1917, Prices Were Computed To 1 Additional Place By Multiplying The 1913 Price Of $0.0219 And The 1913 Base Relatives. Beginning In 1926, The Extra Digit Was Computed From The 1926 Price Of $0.0317 And The 1926 Base Relatives. Bls Code #446 Was Changed To #446.1 In March, 1946. There Seems To Be No Change Except For The Fact That The Quotation Is Now In "Dollars Per 100 Pounds." Bulletin Nos. 877 And 920 Do Not Make This Clear. However, The Monthly Mimeographed Release Shows A New Series, #446.2. This Is A "Substitution, And Replaces #446.1: Steel Sheets, Hot Rolled, 11 Gauge, 36" To 48" Wide, Per 100 Pounds, F.O.B. Basing Point." Bls Bulletin 947 Carries This Series Back To January, 1947. In The New Index, The Series Code Is 10-14-46. Source: Bls Bulletins And "Wholesale Prices" And Iron Age. This NBER data series q04154 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: q04154

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1894-1947 (2)--Original Data, 1947-1958. Prices Are As Of First Tuesday Each Month (See Bls Bulletins Through 1916) Through 1917. Beginning In 1918, The Average Of Weekly Quotations Is Given. Prices Are For "Box Annealed, Cold-Rolled, U.S. Standard, No.27." Quarterly Figures Are Averages Of The Respective Months. Beginning In 1917, Prices Were Computed To 1 Additional Place By Multiplying The 1913 Price Of $0.0219 And The 1913 Base Relatives. Beginning In 1926, The Extra Digit Was Computed From The 1926 Price Of $0.0317 And The 1926 Base Relatives. Bls Code #446 Was Changed To #446.1 In March, 1946. There Seems To Be No Change Except For The Fact That The Quotation Is Now In "Dollars Per 100 Pounds." Bulletin Nos. 877 And 920 Do Not Make This Clear. However, The Monthly Mimeographed Release Shows A New Series, #446.2. This Is A "Substitution, Rolled, 11 Gauge, 36" To 48" Wide, Per 100 Pounds, F.O.B. Basing Point." Bls Bulletin 947 Carries This Series Back To January, 1947. In The New Index, The Series Code Is 10-14-46. Source: Bls Bulletins And "Wholesale Prices" And Iron Age. This NBER data series m04154a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04154a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1894-1947 (2)--Original Data, 1947-1958. The Quotation Was Changed From "F.O.B. Pittsburgh Basing Point" To "F.O.B. Producing Points, Pittsburgh Area" (Old Code #446.3, New Code #10-14-46.01). There Is No Change In Commodity Specificatons At This Time (July, 1948). In May, 1953, Series Is Code #10-14-46.02--"Sheets, Hot Rolled, Carbon Steel, 10 Gage X 120" Long, Sheared Edge, Cut Length, Base Chemistry, Commercial Quality, Base Packaging, Base Quantity, Mill To User, Per 100 Pounds, F.O.B. Mill" (Bls, Wholesale Price Index, Major Specification Changes 1947-1953, Ls 54-2477, January, 1954). In May, 1957, The Series Was Changed To Code #10-14-46.03, Still Called "Sheets, Hot-Rolled, Carbon." Bls Code #446 Was Changed To #446.1 In March, 1946. There Seems To Be No Change Except For The Fact That The Quotation Is Now In"Dollars Per 100 Pounds." Bulletin Nos. 877 And 920 Do Not Make This Clear. However, The Monthly Mimeographed Release Shows A New Series, #446.2. This Is A "Substitution, Rolled, 11 Gauge, 36" To 48" Wide, Per 100 Pounds, F.O.B. Basing Point." Bls Bulletin 947 Carries This Series Back To January, 1947. In The New Index, The Series Code Is 10-14-46. Source: 1947 Data Are From Bls Bulletin No.947 And Monthly Mimeographed Releases. 1948-1958 Data Are From Bls, Prices And Price Relatives For Individual Commoditities In The Revised Index: 1947-1950, Bls Bulletin No. 1143, And Monthly Issues Of Wholesale Prices And Price Indexes, 1952 And Following. This NBER data series m04154b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04154b

Data Are Averages Of Iron Age Quotations On Steel Bars, Shapes, Plates, Plain Wire, Open Hearth Rails (Bessemer Rails For 1902-1913), Black Pipe, And Black Sheets For Period Prior To 1920. Hot Rolled Strip Added For The Subsequent Period. Source: Iron Age, January 6, 1938, P.107 And January 4, 1940, P.171 This NBER data series m04155 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04155

Quotations Since May, 1933 Were Established By Adding Extra For Annealing To The Base Price For Hot-Rolled Sheets, No.10 Gage. From May 10, 1939 To And Including May 15, 1939, Reductions Of From $4.00 To $8.00 A Ton Off Base Prices Were Prevalent. Although These Concessions Were Withdrawn On May 15, Many Orders Originally Placed At Concessions Ranging From $4.00 To $6.00 Were Later Adjusted To The Maximum $8.00 Reduction From The Base Price. 1940 Data Were Computed By NBER From Weekly Data. Source: Iron Age, January 3, 1935, P.268, January 4, 1940, P.172, And Following Issues. This NBER data series m04156 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04156

Prices Quoted Only For Strips Of Wider Than 6" Prior To June 1, 1932. Figure For May, 1923 Is Sometimes Misprinted As 2.30. Here It Is Given As 3.30, After Being Checked With Weekly Figures. From May 10, 1939 To May 15, 1939, Reductions Of From $4.00 To $8.00 A Ton Off Base Price Were Prevalent. Although These Concessions Were Withdrawn On May 15, Many Orders Placed At Concessions Ranging From $4.00 To $6.00 Were Later Adjusted To The Maximum $8.00 Reduction From The Base Prices. 1940 Data Were Computed By NBER From Weekly Figures. Source: Iron Age, January 3, 1935, P.269, January 4, 1940, P.172, And Following Issues. This NBER data series m04158 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04158

1914-1940 Data Were Also Checked With Bls Series Of Two Digit Figures. 1926-1938 Data Were Also Checked With The U.S. Steel Corporation, Tnec Papers, Vol.Ii, P.82. Source: Iron Age, January Review Issues, 1915, 1920, 1940, And Following Monthly Issues. This NBER data series m04159 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04159

The Data Are Averages Of One Day A Week Quotations. 1905-1939 Prices Were Checked With Annual Reports Of The American Iron And Steel Institute (Aisi). Discrepencies Were Checked Against Weekly Figures In Iron Age. The Price For June, 1898, Was The "Lowest Price Ever Recorded" According To The 1914 Annual Report Of The Aisi, P.99. Source: Iron Age, January Review Issues, 1919, 1927, 1940, And The Following Monthly Issues. This NBER data series m04160 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04160

The Dallas Fed has improved the quality of the payroll employment estimates for Metropolitan Areas of Texas using early benchmarking and two-step seasonal adjustment. More information regarding the early benchmarking technique can be found at http://www.dallasfed.org/research/basics/benchmark.cfm. More information pertaining to two-step seasonal adjustment can be found at http://www.dallasfed.org/research/basics/twostep.cfm. Please note that this annual series created by the Federal Reserve bank of Dallas was calculated based on a seasonally adjusted monthly series.

Personal income is the income that is received by persons from all sources. It is calculated as the sum of wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. This measure of income is calculated as the personal income of the residents of a given area divided by the resident population of the area. In computing per capita personal income, BEA uses the Census Bureau's annual midyear population estimates.

Personal income is the income that is received by persons from all sources. It is calculated as the sum of wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. This measure of income is calculated as the personal income of the residents of a given area divided by the resident population of the area. In computing per capita personal income, BEA uses the Census Bureau's annual midyear population estimates.

The U.S. Census Bureau provides annual estimates of income and poverty statistics for all school districts, counties, and states through the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/about.html) (SAIPE) program. The bureau's main objective with this program is to provide estimates of income and poverty for the administration of federal programs and the allocation of federal funds to local jurisdictions. In addition to these federal programs, state and local programs use the income and poverty estimates for distributing funds and managing programs. Household income includes income of the householder and all other people 15 years and older in the household, whether or not they are related to the householder. Median is the point that divides the household income distributions into two halves: one-half with income above the median and the other with income below the median. The median is based on the income distribution of all households, including those with no income. A confidence interval is a range of values, from the lower bound to the respective upper bound, that describes the uncertainty surrounding an estimate. A confidence interval is also itself an estimate. It is made using a model of how sampling, interviewing, measuring, and modeling contribute to uncertainty about the relation between the true value of the quantity we are estimating and our estimate of that value. The "90%" in the confidence interval listed above represents a level of certainty about our estimate. If we were to repeatedly make new estimates using exactly the same procedure (by drawing a new sample, conducting new interviews, calculating new estimates and new confidence intervals), the confidence intervals would contain the average of all the estimates 90% of the time. For more details about the confidence intervals and their interpretation, see this explanation (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/guidance/confidence-intervals.html).

The U.S. Census Bureau provides annual estimates of income and poverty statistics for all school districts, counties, and states through the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/about.html) (SAIPE) program. The bureau's main objective with this program is to provide estimates of income and poverty for the administration of federal programs and the allocation of federal funds to local jurisdictions. In addition to these federal programs, state and local programs use the income and poverty estimates for distributing funds and managing programs. Household income includes income of the householder and all other people 15 years and older in the household, whether or not they are related to the householder. Median is the point that divides the household income distributions into two halves: one-half with income above the median and the other with income below the median. The median is based on the income distribution of all households, including those with no income. A confidence interval is a range of values, from the lower bound to the respective upper bound, that describes the uncertainty surrounding an estimate. A confidence interval is also itself an estimate. It is made using a model of how sampling, interviewing, measuring, and modeling contribute to uncertainty about the relation between the true value of the quantity we are estimating and our estimate of that value. The "90%" in the confidence interval listed above represents a level of certainty about our estimate. If we were to repeatedly make new estimates using exactly the same procedure (by drawing a new sample, conducting new interviews, calculating new estimates and new confidence intervals), the confidence intervals would contain the average of all the estimates 90% of the time. For more details about the confidence intervals and their interpretation, see this explanation (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/guidance/confidence-intervals.html).

The U.S. Census Bureau provides annual estimates of income and poverty statistics for all school districts, counties, and states through the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/about.html) (SAIPE) program. The bureau's main objective with this program is to provide estimates of income and poverty for the administration of federal programs and the allocation of federal funds to local jurisdictions. In addition to these federal programs, state and local programs use the income and poverty estimates for distributing funds and managing programs. Household income includes income of the householder and all other people 15 years and older in the household, whether or not they are related to the householder. Median is the point that divides the household income distributions into two halves: one-half with income above the median and the other with income below the median. The median is based on the income distribution of all households, including those with no income. A confidence interval is a range of values, from the lower bound to the respective upper bound, that describes the uncertainty surrounding an estimate. A confidence interval is also itself an estimate. It is made using a model of how sampling, interviewing, measuring, and modeling contribute to uncertainty about the relation between the true value of the quantity we are estimating and our estimate of that value. The "90%" in the confidence interval listed above represents a level of certainty about our estimate. If we were to repeatedly make new estimates using exactly the same procedure (by drawing a new sample, conducting new interviews, calculating new estimates and new confidence intervals), the confidence intervals would contain the average of all the estimates 90% of the time. For more details about the confidence intervals and their interpretation, see this explanation (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/guidance/confidence-intervals.html).

The U.S. Census Bureau provides annual estimates of income and poverty statistics for all school districts, counties, and states through the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/about.html) (SAIPE) program. The bureau's main objective with this program is to provide estimates of income and poverty for the administration of federal programs and the allocation of federal funds to local jurisdictions. In addition to these federal programs, state and local programs use the income and poverty estimates for distributing funds and managing programs. Household income includes income of the householder and all other people 15 years and older in the household, whether or not they are related to the householder. Median is the point that divides the household income distributions into two halves: one-half with income above the median and the other with income below the median. The median is based on the income distribution of all households, including those with no income.

The U.S. Census Bureau provides annual estimates of income and poverty statistics for all school districts, counties, and states through the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/about.html) (SAIPE) program. The bureau's main objective with this program is to provide estimates of income and poverty for the administration of federal programs and the allocation of federal funds to local jurisdictions. In addition to these federal programs, state and local programs use the income and poverty estimates for distributing funds and managing programs. Household income includes income of the householder and all other people 15 years and older in the household, whether or not they are related to the householder. Median is the point that divides the household income distributions into two halves: one-half with income above the median and the other with income below the median. The median is based on the income distribution of all households, including those with no income. A confidence interval is a range of values, from the lower bound to the respective upper bound, that describes the uncertainty surrounding an estimate. A confidence interval is also itself an estimate. It is made using a model of how sampling, interviewing, measuring, and modeling contribute to uncertainty about the relation between the true value of the quantity we are estimating and our estimate of that value. The "90%" in the confidence interval listed above represents a level of certainty about our estimate. If we were to repeatedly make new estimates using exactly the same procedure (by drawing a new sample, conducting new interviews, calculating new estimates and new confidence intervals), the confidence intervals would contain the average of all the estimates 90% of the time. For more details about the confidence intervals and their interpretation, see this explanation (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/guidance/confidence-intervals.html).

The U.S. Census Bureau provides annual estimates of income and poverty statistics for all school districts, counties, and states through the Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/saipe/about.html) (SAIPE) program. The bureau's main objective with this program is to provide estimates of income and poverty for the administration of federal programs and the allocation of federal funds to local jurisdictions. In addition to these federal programs, state and local programs use the income and poverty estimates for distributing funds and managing programs. Household income includes income of the householder and all other people 15 years and older in the household, whether or not they are related to the householder. Median is the point that divides the household income distributions into two halves: one-half with income above the median and the other with income below the median. The median is based on the income distribution of all households, including those with no income.

Data measure usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers. Wage and salary workers are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, it excludes all self-employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Usual weekly earnings represent earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term "usual" is determined by each respondent's own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of "usual," interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. For more information see https://www.bls.gov/cps/earnings.htm The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)' The source code is: LEU0254560700

Data measure usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers. Wage and salary workers are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, it excludes all self-employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Usual weekly earnings represent earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term "usual" is determined by each respondent's own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of "usual," interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. For more information see https://www.bls.gov/cps/earnings.htm The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)' The source code is: LEU0254667500

Data measure usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers. Wage and salary workers are workers who receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, payment in kind, or piece rates. The group includes employees in both the private and public sectors but, for the purposes of the earnings series, it excludes all self-employed persons, both those with incorporated businesses and those with unincorporated businesses. Usual weekly earnings represent earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received (at the main job in the case of multiple jobholders). Prior to 1994, respondents were asked how much they usually earned per week. Since January 1994, respondents have been asked to identify the easiest way for them to report earnings (hourly, weekly, biweekly, twice monthly, monthly, annually, or other) and how much they usually earn in the reported time period. Earnings reported on a basis other than weekly are converted to a weekly equivalent. The term "usual" is determined by each respondent's own understanding of the term. If the respondent asks for a definition of "usual," interviewers are instructed to define the term as more than half the weeks worked during the past 4 or 5 months. For more information see https://www.bls.gov/cps/earnings.htm The series comes from the 'Current Population Survey (Household Survey)' The source code is: LEU0254774300

BEA Account Code: H4418C For more information about this series, please see http://www.bea.gov/national/.

1913-1917 Prices Were Near First Of Month Quotations. Data From 1918 On Were Monthly Averages Of Tuesday Quotations. Series Is Called "Structural Steel Slopes, Beams, Etc.; 3"-15", Mill, Pittsburgh. 1913-1939 Data Were Checked Against Quotations In Survey Of Current Business. Beginning In 1944, Prices Are Quoted As "F.O.B. Pittsburgh Basing Point. Beginning In 1948, The Specification Was Changed From 3"-15" To 12" Up To 60 Feet. "Carbon Steel, I Beams, 12" Depth, 60 Foot Length, Astm (A-7-46) Per 100 Pounds, F.O.B. Pittsburgh Basing Point." The New Price Is Quoted Only For 01-06/1948. Code #452 Was Changed To #452.1. The New Index Code #10-14-31 Changed To 10-14-31.01. Month By Month Comparisons Between Bls Figures And Those In The Survey Of Current Business Show Them To Be Identical. In July, 1948, The Specification Was Changed From Basing Point Quotations To "F.O.B. Mill, Shipping Point." In Later Specification Lists, It Is Called "F.O.B. Producing Points." (Old Code #452.2; New Code #10-14-31.02) A New Specification Begins In May, 1953, With No Overlap Given. The New Specification Reads "Structural Shapes, Carbon Steel, 6" By 4" By 1/2" Angles, 30 Feet Long, Astm Specification A-7, Base Quantity, Mill To User, Per 100 Pounds, F.O.B. Mill" (Bls Code #10-14-31.03). Source: Data For 1913-1919 Were Furnished Direct By Bls. 1920-1931, Bls Bulletins Were Used. 1932-1941 Data Were Were From Monthly Issues Of"Wholesale Prices." 1942-1948 Data Were From Bulletin Nos. 718, 736, 759, 785, 870, 877, 920, 947, And Monthly Mimeographed Issues Of Average Wholesale Prices And Index Numbers. 1949-1951 Data Were From Bls, Prices And Price Relatives For Individual Commodities In The Revisd Index: 1947-1950, Group 10, Metals And Metal Products (Published In 1952) And Bulletin No.1143. 1952 And 1953 Data Are From Monthly Issues Of "Wholesale Prices And Price Indexes." This NBER data series m04134 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04134

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1873-1890 (2)--Original Data, 1890-1892; (3)--Original Data, 1889-1894 (7)--Original Data, 1894-1958. Data Are Averages Of Weekly Quotations. Discrepancies Between Bls Figures And Those Reported In Iron Age Were Checked By Averaging Weekly Figures In Iron Age. In Most Cases The Iron Age Monthly Figures Were Incorrectly Computed. March, 1951-May, 1952 And August, 1952-January, 1953 Prices Reflect The Ops Basing Point Price Ceiling. The Figure For April, 1958, Is For Three Weeks Only Source: Iron Age, Weekly Issues, For Data From 1894-1900. For The Years 1901-1912, Data Were Taken From Iron Age, January 2, 1902, P.10, January 1, 1903, P.48, And January 7, 1915, P.15. 1913-1939 Data Are From Bls Bulletins And "Wholesale Prices" And Iron Age, January 4, 1923, P.74, January 4, 1940, And Following Issues. This NBER data series m04142d appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04142d

The Data Given Here Were Checked With Iron Age Throughout As Well As With The American Iron And Steel Institute'S Annual Reports. For 1890-1928, The Series Is Called "Bessemer." For 1929-1943, It Is "Open Hearth, Rerolling." For A Number Of Years Prior To 1929, "Bessemer" And "Open Hearth "Prices Were Identical, And The "Bessemer" Prices Were Discontinued From 1929 On. See The Annual Reports Of The American Iron And Steel Institute And Iron Age. The January, 1887 Figure Was Misprinted In The Source As 24.5. A Check With The January, 1887 Issue Of The Source Showed The Figure Should Be 34.5, Which Is Given Here. "Prior To 1886, Steel Billets Were Not A Regular Merchant Commodity, Seldom Being Mentioned In Market Reports." (Iron Age, January 7, 1915, P.12) Quotations Given Are The Average (Of Weekly Quotations) Monthly Price Per Ton At Mills In Pittsburgh. Source: 1886-1889 Data Are From Iron Age, January 7, 1915, P.12. 1890- 1943 Data Are From Bls Bulletins And "Wholesale Prices." This NBER data series m04149 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04149

Quotations Are Averages Of Weekly Quotations From Iron Age. In November, 1921,"Bessemer" Steel Rails And "Open-Hearth" Became Identical. Prior To This Date A Constant Differential Of $2.00 Existed Between The Two, Open-Hearth Being The Higher. The Extra $2.00 A Long Ton, Which Was For Many Years Charged For Open Hearth Rails, Was Annulled With The Rail Price Announced On October 22, 1921. (The $2.00 Differential Persisted During The Last Week Of October, However, But The Prices Of Bessemer And Open-Hearth Coincided Beginning In November. From 1868-1921, The Bessemer Price Was Used. The Figure Given Through 1918 (55.0) Was The Maximum Price Allowed By Government. Source: American Iron And Steel Institute, Annual Reports; Iron Age; Bls Bulletins And "Wholesale Prices." This NBER data series m04181 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04181

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1873-1890 (2)--Original Data, 1890-1892; (3)--Original Data, 1889-1894; (4)--Original Data, 1894-1958. Prices Were Quoted Only Irregularly Prior To October, 1889. The Prices Given Here Are Averages Of Weekly Quotations. In Cases Where The Price Ranges Are Given, The Averages Of Lows Are Given. Weeks Ending On The 1St, 2Nd, Or 3Rd Of A Month Are Included With The Preceding Month (This Means Iron Age Issues Up To The 5Th). Source: Iron Age, Weekly Issues This NBER data series m04142c appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04142c

An establishment is an economic unit, such as a factory, mine, store, or office that produces goods or services. It generally is at a single location and is engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single location encompasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments, if separate payroll records are available, and the various activities are classified under different industry codes.

An establishment is an economic unit, such as a factory, mine, store, or office that produces goods or services. It generally is at a single location and is engaged predominantly in one type of economic activity. Where a single location encompasses two or more distinct activities, these are treated as separate establishments, if separate payroll records are available, and the various activities are classified under different industry codes.

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1920-1942 (2)--Original Data, 1932-1956. This Series Can Be Extended Through July 1948, When Nicb Discontinued Its Compilation Of Payroll Statistics (See The Management Record, October 1948, P. 504). The Bls Series Starting In 1935 Is Comparable In Industry Coverage. Source: National Industrial Conference Board: For 1920-1936, "Wages, Hours, And Employment In The United States, 1914-1936" (Nicb Studies No. 229, 1936); For 1937, Supplement To Nicb Service Letter, June 1938; For 1938, Nicb Economic Record, March 28, 1940; For 1939-1942, Nicb Management Record, June 1943. This NBER data series m08208a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08208a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1920-1942 (2)--Original Data, 1932-1956. This Series Is Believed To Be Roughly Comparable To The Previous One In Industry Coverage Since "Data For The Iron And Steel Industry Cover Blast Furnaces And Rolling Mills Engaged In The Manufacture Of Pig Iron And Rolled Steel Products." (Nicb Research Report No. 69,"Wages, Hours, And Employment In American Manufacturing Industries," P. 49). Data For February, 1946 And October-November, 1952 Reflect Work Stoppages. Source: Bureau Of Labor Statistics: For 1932-1952, "Employment, Hours, And Earnings, " Manufacturing Division, Primary Metal Industries Group: Blast Furnaces, Steel Works And Rolling Mills, Unnumbered Releases Of February 1953 And May 1955; For 1953-1956, June 1956 Release, The Monthly Labor Review And "Employment And Earnings." This NBER data series m08208b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08208b

Source: This Series Is Described In A.G. Silverman, "Monthly Index Numbers Of British Export And Import Prices, 1880-1913" In Review Of Economic Statistics, Vol. Xii, 3, 1930. This NBER data series m04112 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04112

The Data Represent Manufactured Iron And Steel Products Including Machinery And Vehicles. Source: Unpublished Tabulation. For A Description And Coverage Of This Series, See Robert E. Lipsey, Price And Quantity Trends In The Foreign Trade Of The United States, NBER, 1963, Pp.289-295. This NBER data series q04211 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: q04211

This Index Was Computed By NBER From Original Data In Thousands Of Pounds Sterling Published In Bankers' Magazine. Additions To Or Subtractions From The Number Of Securities Included Have Been Made From Time To Time. Data From The Old And New Series Are Linked By The NBER And The Resultant Index Is Constructed Based Upon The 1913 Avaerage. In Order To Construct Indexes Covering The Entire Period These Aggregate Totals As Computed By Bankers' Magazine Have Been Further Treated By The NBER. At The Points Of These Revisions In The Series The Value For The Given Date According To Both The Old And The New Data Are Available. By Multiplying Data From One Period By A Coefficient Equal To The Ratio Of The Old To The New, A Single Series Can Be Constructed, Including The Data From Both Original Sections. Consequently, The Various Sections Of Original Data Have Been Tied Together At Their Overlapping Points, And Our Base Of 100 Equaling The Monthly Average Of 1913. The Valuation Was Omitted For May And June, 1887. The Following Is A Summary Of The Time Periods, The Number Of Shares, Or Securities Involved, And The Par Value, In Thousands Of Pounds. 04/1887-02/1888, 8 Shares, Par Value Of 6,008; 03/1888-12/1895, 8 Shares, Par Value Of 6,758; 12/1895-12/1906, 7 Shares, Par Value Of 6,055; 12/1906-12/1921, 8 Shares, Par Value Of 11,910; 12/1921-1935, 14 Shares, Par Value Of 58,294. Source: Bankers' Magazine, London And Computed By NBER. This NBER data series m11013 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 11 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter11.html. NBER Indicator: m11013

The Data Represent Manufactured Iron And Steel Products Including Machinery And Vehicles. Source: Unpublished Tabulation. For Description And Coverage Of Series See Robert. E. Lipsey, Price And Quantity Trends In The Foreign Trade Of The U.S., N.B.E.R., 1963, Pp. 289-95. This NBER data series q07056 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 7 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter07.html. NBER Indicator: q07056

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1919-1942 (2)--Original Data, 1939-1949 (3)--Original Data, 1947-1951 (4)--Original Data, 1951-1956. This Segment Ends In 1942 And Is Followed By A 1939-Based Index, Which Is Believed To Be Roughly Comparable. Source: Federal Reserve Board, Bulletins, For 1919-1933 Data: October 1938; For 1934-1942 Data: October 1939 And Monthly Issues Thereafter. This NBER data series m08015a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08015a

Source: Bureau Of Labor Statistics, 1919-1934 Data Are From Bls Mimeographed Release, September 1938; 1935-1939 Data Are From Bls Mimeographed Release, May 1940; 1940-1942 Data Are From "Employment And Payrolls" And Monthly Labor Review. This NBER data series m08073 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08073

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1919-1923 (2)--Original Data, 1923-1942. For This Variable"Iron And Steel And Their Products" Data Were Used Because The Bureau Of Labor Statistics"Blast Furnaces, Steel Works, And Rolling Mills" Series Begins In 1923. See Memorandum. Source: Bureau Of Labor Statistics Memorandum This NBER data series m08236a appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08236a

Series Is Presented Here As Two Variables--(1)--Original Data, 1919-1923 (2)--Original Data, 1923-1942. Source: Bureau Of Labor Statistics, For 1923-1930 Data: Bulletin No. 610, Revised Indexes Of Factory Employment And Payrolls, 1919-1933; For 1931-1934 Data: Release Of September 1938, Revised Indexes Of Factory Employment And Payrolls; For 1935-1939: Release Of May 1940 Of The Same This NBER data series m08236b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08236b

Source: National Industrial Conference Board, 1920-1931: Wages, Hours, And Wages, Hours, And Employment In The United States, 1914-1936, Nicb Studies No. 229, 1936; 1932-1933 Data Are From A Supplement To The Nicb Service Letter, June 1938; 1934 Data Are From The Nicb Economic Record March 28,1940; 1935-1942 Data Are From Nicb Management Record, June 1943 And February 1945. This NBER data series m08073aa appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08073aa

The Composite Mill Net Yield Index Represents The Amount Per Ton Received By U.S. Steel Corporation Subsidiaries (After Deduction Of Cost Of Delivery) On A Representative Constant Assortment Of All Principal Products, Relative To 1926. Source: Confidential Reports To Tnec From The U.S. Steel Corporation This NBER data series m04140 appears on the NBER website in Chapter 4 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter04.html. NBER Indicator: m04140

Series Is Presented Here As Four Variables--(1)--Seasonally Adjusted Data, 1919-1942 (2)--Original Data, 1939-1949 (3)--Original Data, 1947-1951 (4)--Original Data, 1951-1956. This Segment Is Roughly Comparable To The Previous One In Industry Coverage. However, It Includes In Addition Gray And Malleable Iron Foundries And Power Boilers. It Is Discontinued In July 1949, And The New Industry Classification Adopted Has Considerably Affected The Continuity Of These Data. Since There Is No Group Covering The Entire Iron And Steel Industry, It Has Been Tried To Derive A Representative Series From A Number Of Components (See Worksheets). No Indexes Are Compiled By The Bls For These Revised Series Which Represent The Number Of Production Workers. Source: Bureau Of Labor Statistics, For 1939-1943 Data: Mimeographed Release Ls46-555; For 1944-1949 Data: Unnumbered Release Of July 1948, Monthly Labor Review Thereafter. This NBER data series m08015b appears on the NBER website in Chapter 8 at http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/chapter08.html. NBER Indicator: m08015b