This series last appeared in the February, 2021 report: NROU (https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NROU)), formerly called "Natural Rate of Unemployment (Long-Term)." The natural rate of unemployment (NAIRU) is the rate of unemployment arising from all sources except fluctuations in aggregate demand. Estimates of potential GDP are based on the long-term natural rate. (CBO did not make explicit adjustments to the short-term natural rate for structural factors before the recent downturn.) The short-term natural rate incorporates structural factors that are temporarily boosting the natural rate beginning in 2008. The short-term natural rate is used to gauge the amount of current and projected slack in labor markets, which is a key input into CBO's projections of inflation.

Monthly updates of the DHI Hiring Indicators have been discontinue by the source. The Vacancy to Unemployment Ratio quantifies the number of vacancies available per unemployed. Reproduced with permisson of DHI Group, Inc. and Dr. Steven J. Davis. Copyright, 2017 DHI Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

These data come from the Current Population Survey (CPS), also known as the household survey. Civilian Labor Force includes all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population ages 16 and older classified as either employed or unemployed. Employed persons are all persons who, during the reference week (the week including the 12th day of the month), (a) did any work as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, or (b) were not working but who had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of vacation, illness, bad weather, childcare problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or she holds more than one job. Unemployed persons are all persons who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment some time during the 4 week-period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. The unemployment rate is the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force [100 times (unemployed/civilian labor force)]. For more details, see the release's <a href=https://www.bls.gov/lau/laufaq.htm>frequently asked questions</a>.

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

These data come from the Current Population Survey (CPS), also known as the household survey. Civilian Labor Force includes all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population ages 16 and older classified as either employed or unemployed. Employed persons are all persons who, during the reference week (the week including the 12th day of the month), (a) did any work as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, or (b) were not working but who had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of vacation, illness, bad weather, childcare problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or she holds more than one job. Unemployed persons are all persons who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment some time during the 4 week-period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. The unemployment rate is the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force [100 times (unemployed/civilian labor force)]. For more details, see the release's <a href=https://www.bls.gov/lau/laufaq.htm>frequently asked questions</a>.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Monthly updates of the DHI Hiring Indicators have been discontinue by the source. The Vacancy to Short-Term Unemployment Ratio quantifies the number of vacancies available per number of short-term unemployed. Short-term unemployment is defined as the total number of individuals who have been unemployed for 26 weeks or less. Reproduced with permisson of DHI Group, Inc. and Dr. Steven J. Davis. Copyright, 2017 DHI Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Services includes transportation, communication, public utilities, trade, finance, public administration, private household services, and miscellaneous services. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

These data come from the Current Population Survey (CPS), also known as the household survey. Civilian Labor Force includes all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population ages 16 and older classified as either employed or unemployed. Employed persons are all persons who, during the reference week (the week including the 12th day of the month), (a) did any work as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, or (b) were not working but who had jobs from which they were temporarily absent because of vacation, illness, bad weather, childcare problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or she holds more than one job. Unemployed persons are all persons who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment some time during the 4 week-period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. The unemployment rate is the unemployed percent of the civilian labor force [100 times (unemployed/civilian labor force)]. For more details, see the release's <a href=https://www.bls.gov/lau/laufaq.htm>frequently asked questions</a>.

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Teenagers are defined as 15- to 19-year-olds. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Copyright, 2016, OECD. Reprinted with permission. All OECD data should be cited as follows: OECD (2010), "Main Economic Indicators - complete database", Main Economic Indicators (database),http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/data-00052-en (Accessed on date)

Adults are defined as persons ages 25 and over. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Teenagers are defined as 15- to 19-year-olds. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has eliminated the International Labor Comparisons (ILC) program. This is the last BLS release of international comparisons of annual labor force statistics.