FRED Graph
Write a custom formula to transform one or more series or combine two or more series.
You can begin by adding a series to combine with your existing series.
Now create a custom formula to combine or transform the series.
Need help?
For example, invert an exchange rate by using formula 1/a, where “a” refers to the first FRED data series added to this line. Or calculate the spread between 2 interest rates, a and b, by using the formula a - b.
Use the assigned data series variables (a, b, c, etc.) together with operators (+, -, *, /, ^, etc.), parentheses and constants (1, 1.5, 2, etc.) to create your own formula (e.g., 1/a, a-b, (a+b)/2, (a/(a+b+c))*100). As noted above, you may add other data series to this line before entering a formula.
Finally, you can change the units of your new series.
Add the minimum, maximum, and average calculations of selected lines to the graph
Write a custom formula to transform one or more series or combine two or more series.
You can begin by adding a series to combine with your existing series.
Now create a custom formula to combine or transform the series.
Need help?
For example, invert an exchange rate by using formula 1/a, where “a” refers to the first FRED data series added to this line. Or calculate the spread between 2 interest rates, a and b, by using the formula a - b.
Use the assigned data series variables (a, b, c, etc.) together with operators (+, -, *, /, ^, etc.), parentheses and constants (1, 1.5, 2, etc.) to create your own formula (e.g., 1/a, a-b, (a+b)/2, (a/(a+b+c))*100). As noted above, you may add other data series to this line before entering a formula.
Finally, you can change the units of your new series.
Add the minimum, maximum, and average calculations of selected lines to the graph
Write a custom formula to transform one or more series or combine two or more series.
You can begin by adding a series to combine with your existing series.
Now create a custom formula to combine or transform the series.
Need help?
For example, invert an exchange rate by using formula 1/a, where “a” refers to the first FRED data series added to this line. Or calculate the spread between 2 interest rates, a and b, by using the formula a - b.
Use the assigned data series variables (a, b, c, etc.) together with operators (+, -, *, /, ^, etc.), parentheses and constants (1, 1.5, 2, etc.) to create your own formula (e.g., 1/a, a-b, (a+b)/2, (a/(a+b+c))*100). As noted above, you may add other data series to this line before entering a formula.
Finally, you can change the units of your new series.
Add the minimum, maximum, and average calculations of selected lines to the graph
Data in this graph are copyrighted. Please review the copyright information in the series notes before sharing.
Notes
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)
Release: H.4.1 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances
Units: Billions of U.S. Dollars, Not Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency: Weekly, Ending Wednesday
Notes:
Currency in circulation includes paper currency and coin held both by the public and in the vaults of depository institutions. The total includes Treasury estimates of coins outstanding and Treasury paper currency outstanding. This definition of currency in circulation differs from the currency component of the money stock, a measure of currency used in some other Federal Reserve reports (for example, the H.6 release), which excludes currency held in vaults of depository institutions.
1984-1985 and Jan 11-Mar 15, 1989: Annual Statistical Digest 1984, 1985, 1989 Table 2.
Jan 8, 1986 to date except weeks ending Jan 11, 1989 - Mar 15, 1989: Federal Reserve Board H.4.1.
Suggested Citation:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Liabilities and Capital: Other Factors Draining Reserve Balances: Currency in Circulation: Week Average [WCURCIR], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WCURCIR, April 3, 2025.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)
Release: H.4.1 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances
Units: Billions of Dollars, Not Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency: Weekly, Ending Wednesday
Notes:
Feb 1984 - Dec 1990: Annual Statistical Digest, various issues, Table 2.
Jan 1991 to date: Federal Reserve Board, H.4.1.
Service-related deposits are the sum of "required clearing balances" and "adjustments to compensate for float." For more details, see http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/h41/20120719/
Suggested Citation:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Service-Related Balances and Adjustments (DISCONTINUED) [WSVCBAL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WSVCBAL, April 3, 2025.
Source: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US)
Release: H.4.1 Factors Affecting Reserve Balances
Units: Billions of U.S. Dollars, Not Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency: Weekly, Ending Wednesday
Notes:
Feb 1984 - Dec 1990: Annual Statistical Digest, various issues, Table 2.
Jan 1991 to date: Federal Reserve Board, H.4.1.
Reserve balances with Federal Reserve Banks are the difference between "total factors supplying reserve funds" and "total factors, other than reserve balances, absorbing reserve funds." This item includes balances at the Federal Reserve of all depository institutions that are used to satisfy reserve requirements and balances held in excess of balance requirements. It excludes reserves held in the form of cash in bank vaults, and excludes service-related deposits
Suggested Citation:
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (US), Liabilities and Capital: Other Factors Draining Reserve Balances: Reserve Balances with Federal Reserve Banks: Week Average [WRESBAL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WRESBAL, April 3, 2025.
Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Release: St. Louis Weekly Reserves and Monetary Base
Units: Billions of Dollars, Not Seasonally Adjusted
Frequency: Weekly, Ending Wednesday
Notes:
Updates of this series will be ceased on December 19, 2019. Interested users can construct a proxy by summing Currency in circulation (H.4.1 release); Service Related Balances and Adjustments (H.4.1 release); and Reserve Balances with FR Banks (H.4.1 release). The discontinued series plotted on the same graph with the calculated data can be accessed for comparison here.
For more details, see the FRED Announcement.
Suggested Citation:
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, St. Louis Source Base (DISCONTINUED) [WSBASE], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/WSBASE, April 3, 2025.
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