Brave-Butters-Kelley Trend Component of GDP (BBKMTRD)

Dec 2025: 2.93211
Updated: Feb 23, 2026 7:32 AM CST
Dec 2025:  2.93211  
Nov 2025:  2.93209  
Oct 2025:  2.93205  
Sep 2025:  2.93197  
Aug 2025:  2.93175  
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Units:

Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period,
Seasonally Adjusted

Frequency:

Monthly

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Notes

Source: Indiana University: Indiana Business Research Center  

Release: Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes  

Units:  Annualized Percent Change from Preceding Period, Seasonally Adjusted

Frequency:  Monthly

Notes:

The Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes (BBKI) are the byproduct of research originally conducted by the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Currently, the BBKI are maintained and produced by the Indiana Business Research Center at the Kelley School of Business at Indiana University. The BBK Coincident and Leading Indexes and Monthly GDP Growth for the U.S. are constructed from a collapsed dynamic factor analysis of a panel of 490 monthly measures of real economic activity and quarterly real GDP growth.

The trend component of GDP is expressed in annualized real GDP growth equivalent units.

For more details, see also:
Brave, Scott A., Ross Cole, and David Kelley, 2019, A 'big data' view of the U.S. economy: Introducing the Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes, Chicago Fed Letter, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, No. 422. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/cfl-2019-422
Brave, Scott A., R. Andrew Butters, and David Kelley, 2019, A new 'big data' index of U.S. economic activity, Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, Vol. 43, No. 1. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.21033/ep-2019-1

Suggested Citation:

Indiana University. Indiana Business Research Center, Brave-Butters-Kelley Trend Component of GDP [BBKMTRD], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/BBKMTRD, .

Release Tables

Brave-Butters-Kelley Indexes

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